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Volume 10
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Article

Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils

by
Ylenia Pieracci
1,
Daniela Ciccarelli
2,
Silvia Giovanelli
1,
Luisa Pistelli
1,3,
Guido Flamini
1,3,*,
Claudio Cervelli
4,
Francesca Mancianti
3,5,
Simona Nardoni
5,
Fabrizio Bertelloni
5 and
Valentina Virginia Ebani
3,5,*
1
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
2
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
3
Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
4
CREA (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria)—Research Center for Vegetables and Ornamental Crops, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
5
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2021, 10(9), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091090
Submission received: 25 August 2021 / Revised: 6 September 2021 / Accepted: 7 September 2021 / Published: 9 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Antibiotics—Recent Advances in Plant-Derived Antibiotics)
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Abstract

Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. and Salvia jordanii J.B.Walker are aromatic evergreen shrubs belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Their aerial parts have been used since ancient times as natural preservatives. The present study reported the investigation of the chemical profile and the extraction yield of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the dried aerial parts of four cultivars of Salvia rosmarinus (‘Boule’; ‘Vicomte de Noailles’; ‘Gorizia’; ‘Joyce de Baggio’) and the species S. jordanii, together with their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The phytochemical investigation evidenced a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes in all the samples (57.5–77.1%), except in ‘Boule’, in which the hydrocarbon form prevailed (50.2%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the matrix taxa × compounds showed that nine compounds have a significant discriminating function between the samples. ‘Vicomte de Noailles’ was characterized by high amounts of camphor and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, while ‘Gorizia’ and Jord differed in their predominance of camphene, borneol, bornyl acetate, and α-humulene. Lastly, ‘Boule’ and ‘Joyce de Baggio’ segregated separately and were characterized by high amounts of α-pinene, myrcene, and verbenone. The selected EOs presented a moderate antibacterial activity on the tested bacterial strains and resulted not active on the tested yeast species.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; Rosmarinus eriocalyx; ‘Boule’; ‘Vicomte de Noailles’; ‘Gorizia’; ‘Joyce de Baggio’; hydrodistillation; agar diffusion test; MIC; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Rosmarinus officinalis; Rosmarinus eriocalyx; ‘Boule’; ‘Vicomte de Noailles’; ‘Gorizia’; ‘Joyce de Baggio’; hydrodistillation; agar diffusion test; MIC; Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pieracci, Y.; Ciccarelli, D.; Giovanelli, S.; Pistelli, L.; Flamini, G.; Cervelli, C.; Mancianti, F.; Nardoni, S.; Bertelloni, F.; Ebani, V.V. Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1090. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091090

AMA Style

Pieracci Y, Ciccarelli D, Giovanelli S, Pistelli L, Flamini G, Cervelli C, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Bertelloni F, Ebani VV. Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(9):1090. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091090

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pieracci, Ylenia, Daniela Ciccarelli, Silvia Giovanelli, Luisa Pistelli, Guido Flamini, Claudio Cervelli, Francesca Mancianti, Simona Nardoni, Fabrizio Bertelloni, and Valentina Virginia Ebani. 2021. "Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils" Antibiotics 10, no. 9: 1090. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091090

APA Style

Pieracci, Y., Ciccarelli, D., Giovanelli, S., Pistelli, L., Flamini, G., Cervelli, C., Mancianti, F., Nardoni, S., Bertelloni, F., & Ebani, V. V. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils. Antibiotics, 10(9), 1090. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091090

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