Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Screening Mares for Susceptibility to PBIE
2.2. Platelet-Rich or -Poor Plasma
2.3. Semen Parameters
2.4. Intrauterine Fluid Accumulation and Endometrial Edema
2.5. Inflammatory Cell Counts on Endometrial Biopsy and Cytology
2.6. Cytokine Concentrations in Uterine Fluid
2.7. Immunohistochemical Evaluation
2.8. Endometrial Culture and Progesterone Concentrations
2.9. Embryo Recovery Rates
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Screening Mares for Susceptibility to PBIE
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Preparation of PRP and PPP
4.4. Assessment of Platelet Viability
4.5. Semen Collection and Processing
4.6. Aerobic Bacterial Culture
4.7. Endometrial Cytology
4.8. Low-Volume Lavage and Multiplex Immunoassay
4.9. Endometrial Biopsy: Inflammatory Cell Count and Immunolabelling for Progesterone Receptors
4.10. Progesterone Assay
4.11. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WB | PRP | PPP | |
---|---|---|---|
Platelets (103/µL) | 119.9 ± 30 b | 622.9 ± 144 a | 36.0 ± 25 c |
RBC (106/µL) | 6.4 ± 0.9 a | 0.02 ± 0.022 b | 0.01 ± 0.011 b |
WBC (103/µL) | 5.6 ± 1.2 a | <0.001 b | <0.001 b |
D2 | D8 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mare ID | Control | PRP | PPP | Control | PRP | PPP |
1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2 | - | - | Enterococcus spp. | - | - | - |
3 | Streptococcus β-hemolytic | - | - | Streptococcus β-hemolytic | - | - |
4 | - | - | - | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
5 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | - | - |
6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
7 | Streptococcus β-hemolytic | - | Streptococcus β-hemolytic | - | - | - |
8 | - | - | - | Escherichia coli | - | - |
9 | - | - | Streptococcus β-hemolytic | Escherichia coli | - | Streptococcus β-hemolytic |
10 | - | - | NP | - | - | NP |
11 | - | - | NP | Escherichia coli | - | NP |
12 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Control | PRP | PPP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mare ID | Embryo STAGE | Quality Grade | Diameter (µm) | Embryo Stage | Quality | Diameter (µm) | Embryo Stage | Quality Grade | Diameter (µm) |
1 | - | - | Blastocyst | 1 | 340 | Blastocyst | 1 | 260 | |
Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 1100 | |||||||
2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
3 | - | - | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 1230 | Early blastocyst | 1 | 175 | |
4 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 540 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 860 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 840 |
5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
6 | Early blastocyst | 2 | 195 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 1360 | - | - | |
7 | Blastocyst | 1 | 960 | Early blastocyst | 2 | 190 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 940 |
8 | - | - | Blastocyst | 1 | 340 | Expanded blastocyst | 1 | 650 | |
9 | - | - | Blastocyst | 1 | 300 | - | - | ||
10 | - | - | Blastocyst | 1 | 360 | NP | NP | ||
11 | - | - | Early blastocyst | 1 | 165 | NP | NP | ||
12 | Blastocyst | 1 | 360 | Blastocyst | 1 | 280 | Blastocyst | 1 | 320 |
Blastocyst | 1 | 360 |
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Segabinazzi, L.G.T.M.; Canisso, I.F.; Podico, G.; Cunha, L.L.; Novello, G.; Rosser, M.F.; Loux, S.C.; Lima, F.S.; Alvarenga, M.A. Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050490
Segabinazzi LGTM, Canisso IF, Podico G, Cunha LL, Novello G, Rosser MF, Loux SC, Lima FS, Alvarenga MA. Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(5):490. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050490
Chicago/Turabian StyleSegabinazzi, Lorenzo G. T. M., Igor F. Canisso, Giorgia Podico, Lais L. Cunha, Guilherme Novello, Michael F. Rosser, Shavahn C. Loux, Fabio S. Lima, and Marco A. Alvarenga. 2021. "Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares" Antibiotics 10, no. 5: 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050490