A Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) Modified by LDHs, or by Catalase-LDHs, and Improvement in Its Kinetic Performance: Applications for Human Saliva and Disinfectant Products for COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Apparatus
2.2. Measurement Format
2.3. Measurements in Real Samples by Fuel Cell
2.4. Reagents, Materials, and Real Samples
2.5. LDH Preparation and Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Modification of Fuel Cell to Increase Its Performance
3.2. Applications on Real Samples Using the Suitably Modified Fuel Cell
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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% Ethanol | Slope without LDHs | Slope with LDHs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[V s−1] | [V s−1] | |||||
1.25% | 5.12 × 10−5 | ± | 3.79 × 10−6 | 7.10 × 10−5 | ± | 7.32 × 10−6 |
2.50% | 1.76 × 10−4 | ± | 2.10 × 10−5 | 3.17 × 10−4 | ± | 3.83 × 10−5 |
5.00% | 4.19 × 10−4 | ± | 3.23 × 10−5 | 5.13 × 10−4 | ± | 4.19 × 10−5 |
7.50% | 8.35 × 10−4 | ± | 1.65 × 10−5 | 1.15 × 10−3 | ± | 5.95 × 10−5 |
10.0% | 9.87 × 10−4 | ± | 1.85 × 10−5 | 1.24 × 10−3 | ± | 5.34 × 10−5 |
15.0% | 1.34 × 10−3 | ± | 6.37 × 10−5 | 1.39 × 10−3 | ± | 9.55 × 10−5 |
Samples | (a) % Nominal Final Values Added in the Sample | (b) % Experimental Found Value (RSD % ≤ 4.0) | ∆% = [(b − a)/a]% |
---|---|---|---|
BS1 | 0.07 | 0.073 | +4.3 |
BS2 | 0.17 | 0.167 | −1.8 |
% Nominal Values Reported by Producer | % Experimental Found Value (RSD % ≤ 4.5) | ∆% = [(b − a)/a]% | |
DS1 | 3.30 | 3.49 | 5.76 |
DS2 | 3.50 | 3.70 | 5.71 |
DS3 | 3.70 | 3.87 | 4.59 |
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Tomassetti, M.; Pezzilli, R.; Leonardi, C.; Prestopino, G.; Di Natale, C.; Campanella, L.; Medaglia, P.G. A Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) Modified by LDHs, or by Catalase-LDHs, and Improvement in Its Kinetic Performance: Applications for Human Saliva and Disinfectant Products for COVID-19. Biosensors 2023, 13, 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040441
Tomassetti M, Pezzilli R, Leonardi C, Prestopino G, Di Natale C, Campanella L, Medaglia PG. A Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) Modified by LDHs, or by Catalase-LDHs, and Improvement in Its Kinetic Performance: Applications for Human Saliva and Disinfectant Products for COVID-19. Biosensors. 2023; 13(4):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040441
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomassetti, Mauro, Riccardo Pezzilli, Claudio Leonardi, Giuseppe Prestopino, Corrado Di Natale, Luigi Campanella, and Pier Gianni Medaglia. 2023. "A Direct Catalytic Ethanol Fuel Cell (DCEFC) Modified by LDHs, or by Catalase-LDHs, and Improvement in Its Kinetic Performance: Applications for Human Saliva and Disinfectant Products for COVID-19" Biosensors 13, no. 4: 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040441