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Volume 13
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10.3390/bios13020184
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Article

Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat

by
Minghui Nan
1,2,
Bobby Aditya Darmawan
1,
Gwangjun Go
1,
Shirong Zheng
1,3,
Junhyeok Lee
1,3,
Seokjae Kim
1,3,
Taeksu Lee
1,*,
Eunpyo Choi
1,2,3,4,*,
Jong-Oh Park
1,* and
Doyeon Bang
1,2,4,5,*
1
Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
2
Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
4
College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
5
Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020184
Submission received: 3 December 2022 / Revised: 11 January 2023 / Accepted: 19 January 2023 / Published: 24 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensing for Health Monitoring)
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Abstract

Wearable biosensors have the potential for developing individualized health evaluation and detection systems owing to their ability to provide continuous real-time physiological data. Among various wearable biosensors, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based wearable sensors can be versatile in various practical applications owing to their sensitive interactions with specific analytes. Understanding and analyzing endocrine responses to stress is particularly crucial for evaluating human performance, diagnosing stress-related diseases, and monitoring mental health, as stress takes a serious toll on physiological health and psychological well-being. Cortisol is an essential biomarker of stress because of the close relationship between cortisol concentration in the human body and stress level. In this study, a flexible LSPR biosensor was manufactured to detect cortisol levels in the human body by depositing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layers on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. Subsequently, an aptamer was immobilized on the surface of the LSPR substrate, enabling highly sensitive and selective cortisol capture owing to its specific cortisol recognition. The biosensor exhibited excellent detection ability in cortisol solutions of various concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The flexible LSPR biosensor also demonstrated good stability under various mechanical deformations. Furthermore, the cortisol levels of the flexible LSPR biosensor were also measured in the human epidermis before and after exercise as well as in the morning and afternoon. Our biosensors, which combine easily manufactured flexible sensors with sensitive cortisol-detecting molecules to measure human stress levels, could be versatile candidates for human-friendly products.
Keywords: localized surface plasmon resonance; sweat biosensor; wearable sensor; aptamer; cortisol localized surface plasmon resonance; sweat biosensor; wearable sensor; aptamer; cortisol

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nan, M.; Darmawan, B.A.; Go, G.; Zheng, S.; Lee, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, T.; Choi, E.; Park, J.-O.; Bang, D. Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat. Biosensors 2023, 13, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020184

AMA Style

Nan M, Darmawan BA, Go G, Zheng S, Lee J, Kim S, Lee T, Choi E, Park J-O, Bang D. Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat. Biosensors. 2023; 13(2):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020184

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan, Minghui, Bobby Aditya Darmawan, Gwangjun Go, Shirong Zheng, Junhyeok Lee, Seokjae Kim, Taeksu Lee, Eunpyo Choi, Jong-Oh Park, and Doyeon Bang. 2023. "Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat" Biosensors 13, no. 2: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020184

APA Style

Nan, M., Darmawan, B. A., Go, G., Zheng, S., Lee, J., Kim, S., Lee, T., Choi, E., Park, J.-O., & Bang, D. (2023). Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat. Biosensors, 13(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020184

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