Electroanalytical Enzyme Biosensor Based on Cordia superba Enzyme Extract for the Detection of Phytomarkers in Kombucha
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Plant Material and Preparation of the Raw Vegetable Extract
2.3. Preparation of Kombucha (Fermented Tea)
2.4. Biosensor Preparation, Electrochemical Cell and Voltammetric Parameters
2.5. Antioxidant Activity Determinations
2.6. Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enzyme Source | Method | Linear Range (µM) | Limit of Detection (µM) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
C. superba | DPV | 30–300 | 0.13 | This work |
M. colocosiae | DPV | 50–300 | 0.17 | [3] |
Jenipapo fruit (Genipa americana L.) | DPV | 10–310 | 7 | [18] |
Mushrooms | Amperometric | 0.5-24.0 | 0.3 | [19] |
Manilkara Z. (sapota) Fruit | Chrono amperometric | 1.0–15.0 | 0.47 | [20] |
Agaricus bisporus | Amperometric | 0.5–101 | 0.15 | [21] |
Purchased from Sigma | Cyclic voltammetry | 1.0–100 | 0.01 | [22] |
Samples | Epc (V) (n = 3) | Ipc (µA) ± Standard Deviation (n = 3) | DPPH Catechin Equivalent (µM) ± Standard Deviation (n = 3) | Folin-Ciocalteu Catechin Equivalent (µM) ± Standard Deviation (n = 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 0.35 | −9.8 ± 0.38 | −9.8 ± 0.0095 | −2.7 ± 0.02 |
American | 0.35 | −2.34 ± 0.42 | −0.12 ± 0.055 | −2.4 ± 0.01 |
Canadian | 0.34 | −0.7 ± 0.44 | −5.08 ± 0.0085 | −2.1 ± 0.11 |
Jun (honey) | 0.34 | −0.16 ± 0.38 | −0.14 ± 0.006 | −2.06 ± 0.09 |
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Batista, E.A.; Pereira, M.O.A.; Macêdo, I.Y.L.; Machado, F.B.; Moreno, E.K.G.; Diniz, E.P.; Frazzão, I.G.V.; Bernardes, L.S.C.; Oliveira, S.C.B.; Gil, E.S. Electroanalytical Enzyme Biosensor Based on Cordia superba Enzyme Extract for the Detection of Phytomarkers in Kombucha. Biosensors 2022, 12, 1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121112
Batista EA, Pereira MOA, Macêdo IYL, Machado FB, Moreno EKG, Diniz EP, Frazzão IGV, Bernardes LSC, Oliveira SCB, Gil ES. Electroanalytical Enzyme Biosensor Based on Cordia superba Enzyme Extract for the Detection of Phytomarkers in Kombucha. Biosensors. 2022; 12(12):1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121112
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatista, Erica A., Marx O. A. Pereira, Isaac Y. L. Macêdo, Fabio B. Machado, Emily K. G. Moreno, Elgia P. Diniz, Italo G. V. Frazzão, Lorrayne S. C. Bernardes, Severino C. B. Oliveira, and Eric S. Gil. 2022. "Electroanalytical Enzyme Biosensor Based on Cordia superba Enzyme Extract for the Detection of Phytomarkers in Kombucha" Biosensors 12, no. 12: 1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121112