Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Micro/Nanostructured Spherical Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Synthesis of Micro/nanostructured Spherical Materials
2.1. Hollow Spheres with Complex Architectures
2.2. Core-shelled Spheres with Complex Architectures
2.3. Yolk-shelled Spheres with Complex Architectures
2.4. Double-shelled Spheres with Complex Architectures
2.5. Multi-shelled Spheres with Complex Architectures
2.5.1. Hard-Templating Method
2.5.2. Soft-Templating Method
2.5.3. Self-Templating Method
3. Applications of Micro/nanostructured Spherical Materials in Energy Storage
3.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
3.2. Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
3.3. Supercapacitors
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Composition | Shell Numbers | Methodology | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | SiO2 | 6–10 | Soft templating | [135] |
2007 | Cu2O | 1–4 | Soft templating | [140] |
2009 | SiO2 | 6–10 | Soft templating | [133] |
2009 | VOOH | 1–3 | Kirkendall effect | [151] |
2010 | SiO2 | 1–4 | Soft templating | [141] |
2010 | Carbon | 3–9 | Soft templating | [142] |
2011 | SiO2 | 6–10 | Soft templating | [134] |
2011 | Cu2O | 1–4 | Ostwald ripening | [153] |
2011 | PdAuAg | 1–3 | Galvanic Exchange and Kirkendall | [156] |
2012 | WO3 | 1–4 | Hard templating | [131] |
2012 | SiO2 | 6–10 | Soft templating | [136] |
2012 | Cu2S | 1–4 | Ion exchange | [154] |
2013 | Co3O4 | 1–4 | Hard templating | [129] |
2013 | α-Fe2O3 | 1–4 | Hard templating | [132] |
2014 | SiO2 | 2–7 | Soft templating | [137] |
2014 | TiO2 | 1–3 | Hard templating | [123] |
2014 | CeO2 | 1–4 | Ostwald ripening | [152] |
2015 | PMO | 1–3 | Soft@hard | [155] |
2016 | CoFe2O3 | 1–3 | Soft templating | [139] |
2017 | VPANI | 6–7 | Soft templating | [138] |
2017 | NiCo2O4 | 1–3 | Hard templating | [130] |
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Gong, Q.; Gao, T.; Hu, T.; Zhou, G. Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Micro/Nanostructured Spherical Materials. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091207
Gong Q, Gao T, Hu T, Zhou G. Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Micro/Nanostructured Spherical Materials. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(9):1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091207
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Qinghua, Tingting Gao, Tingting Hu, and Guowei Zhou. 2019. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Micro/Nanostructured Spherical Materials" Nanomaterials 9, no. 9: 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091207