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Article

Graphene Amination towards Its Grafting by Antibodies for Biosensing Applications

by
Maxim K. Rabchinskii
1,*,
Nadezhda A. Besedina
2,
Maria Brzhezinskaya
3,
Dina Yu. Stolyarova
4,
Sergei A. Ryzhkov
1,
Sviatoslav D. Saveliev
1,
Grigorii A. Antonov
1,
Marina V. Baidakova
1,
Sergei I. Pavlov
1,
Demid A. Kirilenko
1,
Aleksandr V. Shvidchenko
1,
Polina D. Cherviakova
1 and
Pavel N. Brunkov
1
1
Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
2
Department of Physics, Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
3
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
4
NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(11), 1730; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111730
Submission received: 29 April 2023 / Revised: 16 May 2023 / Accepted: 23 May 2023 / Published: 25 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials: Advances and Perspectives)
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Abstract

The facile synthesis of biografted 2D derivatives complemented by a nuanced understanding of their properties are keystones for advancements in biosensing technologies. Herein, we thoroughly examine the feasibility of aminated graphene as a platform for the covalent conjugation of monoclonal antibodies towards human IgG immunoglobulins. Applying core-level spectroscopy methods, namely X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies, we delve into the chemistry and its effect on the electronic structure of the aminated graphene prior to and after the immobilization of monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the alterations in the morphology of the graphene layers upon the applied derivatization protocols are assessed by electron microscopy techniques. Chemiresistive biosensors composed of the aerosol-deposited layers of the aminated graphene with the conjugated antibodies are fabricated and tested, demonstrating a selective response towards IgM immunoglobulins with a limit of detection as low as 10 pg/mL. Taken together, these findings advance and outline graphene derivatives’ application in biosensing as well as hint at the features of the alterations of graphene morphology and physics upon its functionalization and further covalent grafting by biomolecules.
Keywords: 2D materials; aminated graphene; graphene modification; grafting; antibodies; photoelectron spectroscopy; biosensors 2D materials; aminated graphene; graphene modification; grafting; antibodies; photoelectron spectroscopy; biosensors

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rabchinskii, M.K.; Besedina, N.A.; Brzhezinskaya, M.; Stolyarova, D.Y.; Ryzhkov, S.A.; Saveliev, S.D.; Antonov, G.A.; Baidakova, M.V.; Pavlov, S.I.; Kirilenko, D.A.; et al. Graphene Amination towards Its Grafting by Antibodies for Biosensing Applications. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111730

AMA Style

Rabchinskii MK, Besedina NA, Brzhezinskaya M, Stolyarova DY, Ryzhkov SA, Saveliev SD, Antonov GA, Baidakova MV, Pavlov SI, Kirilenko DA, et al. Graphene Amination towards Its Grafting by Antibodies for Biosensing Applications. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(11):1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111730

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rabchinskii, Maxim K., Nadezhda A. Besedina, Maria Brzhezinskaya, Dina Yu. Stolyarova, Sergei A. Ryzhkov, Sviatoslav D. Saveliev, Grigorii A. Antonov, Marina V. Baidakova, Sergei I. Pavlov, Demid A. Kirilenko, and et al. 2023. "Graphene Amination towards Its Grafting by Antibodies for Biosensing Applications" Nanomaterials 13, no. 11: 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111730

APA Style

Rabchinskii, M. K., Besedina, N. A., Brzhezinskaya, M., Stolyarova, D. Y., Ryzhkov, S. A., Saveliev, S. D., Antonov, G. A., Baidakova, M. V., Pavlov, S. I., Kirilenko, D. A., Shvidchenko, A. V., Cherviakova, P. D., & Brunkov, P. N. (2023). Graphene Amination towards Its Grafting by Antibodies for Biosensing Applications. Nanomaterials, 13(11), 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111730

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