Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Properties of NGr-ZnO Hybrid Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene (NGr)
2.3. Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-ZnO Hybrid Materials (NGr-ZnO)
2.4. Preparation of Glassy-Carbon Modified Electrodes
2.5. Instruments
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Morphological and Structural Characterization of the Materials
3.2. Photocatalytic Studies
3.3. Electrochemical Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | ZnO | NGr-ZnO-1 | NGr-ZnO-2 | NGr-ZnO-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
<D> (Å) | 348 | 170 | 154 | 146 |
ε (%) | 0.0011 | 0.0021 | 0.0023 | 0.0025 |
Sample | Adsorption Rate (%) | Photocatalytic Activity (%) | ki (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZnO | 9 | 64 | 0.0052 | 0.99974 |
NGr-ZnO-1 | 36 | 96 | 0.0154 | 0.98828 |
NGr-ZnO-2 | 23 | 97 | 0.0184 | 0.92686 |
NGr-ZnO-3 | 26 | 100 | 0.0337 | 0.95355 |
Type of Irradiation | Photocatalyst Concentration | Degradation Rate/Time Irradiation | Pollutant | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Visible | 1.25 g/L | 60%/60 min | rhodamine B (RhB) | [38] |
Visible | 1 g/L | 95%/100 min | methylene blue | [39] |
UV | 1 g/L | 100%/300 min | ofloxacin | [40] |
UV | 1 g/L | 93%/60 min | methylene blue | [41] |
UV | 1.5 g /L | 88%/260 min | methylene blue | [42] |
Visible | 1 g/L | 92.9%/150 min | rhodamine B (RhB) | [43] |
UV | 0.5 g/L | 100%/180 min | rhodamine B (RhB) | this work |
Sample | N (at.%) XPS | Ei (eV) UPS | VBM (eV) UPS | EgNGr (eV) | EgZnO (eV) UV–Vis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NGr-ZnO-1 | 7.7 | −4.66 | −3.14 | 0.7 | 3.15 |
NGr-ZnO-2 | 7.5 | −4.64 | −3.38 | 0.6 | 3.18 |
NGr-ZnO-3 | 18.6 | −4.63 | −3.55 | <0.1 | 3.26 |
ZnO | −4.78 | −2.49 | 3.32 | ||
NGr | 3.8 | −5.06 | −0.57 | ~0.5 |
Electrode | ΔEp mV/n | Ipa µA | Ipc µA | Ipa/Ipc | Qa µC | A cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GC/NGr | 60 | 2.86 | −2.81 | 1.02 | 0.379 | 0.0365 |
GC/NGr-ZnO-1 | 83 | 3.09 | 2.78 | 1.11 | 0.644 | 0.0497 |
GC/NGr-ZnO-2 | 98 | 2.45 | −2.25 | 1.08 | 0.554 | 0.0343 |
GC/NGr-ZnO-3 | 115 | 2.67 | −2.43 | 1.099 | 0.608 | 0.0354 |
GC/ZnO | 125 | 2.46 | −2.24 | 1.099 | 0.550 | 0.0313 |
GC | 220 | 2.32 | −1.85 | 1.25 | 0.547 | 0.028 |
Electrode | GC/ NGr | GC/ NGr-ZnO-1 | GC/ NGr-ZnO-2 | GC/ NGr-ZnO-3 | GC/ ZnO | GC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rct (Ω) | 6.01 | 6.56 | 7910 | 11,600 | 13,100 | 36,800 |
Kapp (cm/s) | 1.01 | 8.9 × 10−1 | 9.75 × 10−4 | 6.44 × 10−4 | 6.45 × 10−4 | 2.56 × 10−4 |
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Pogacean, F.; Ştefan, M.; Toloman, D.; Popa, A.; Leostean, C.; Turza, A.; Coros, M.; Pana, O.; Pruneanu, S. Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Properties of NGr-ZnO Hybrid Materials. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081473
Pogacean F, Ştefan M, Toloman D, Popa A, Leostean C, Turza A, Coros M, Pana O, Pruneanu S. Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Properties of NGr-ZnO Hybrid Materials. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(8):1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081473
Chicago/Turabian StylePogacean, Florina, Maria Ştefan, Dana Toloman, Adriana Popa, Cristian Leostean, Alexandru Turza, Maria Coros, Ovidiu Pana, and Stela Pruneanu. 2020. "Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Properties of NGr-ZnO Hybrid Materials" Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081473