Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fabrication
2.2. Characterization
2.3. Fluorescence Quantum Yield Calculation
2.4. Scope and System Boundaries
2.5. Life Cycle Inventory Data
- -
- Citric acid {GLO}|Market;
- -
- Urea, as N {GLO}|Market;
- -
- Water, deionized, from tap water, at user {Europe without Switzerland}|Market;
- -
- Electricity, medium voltage|Market;
- -
- Chemical Waste, unspecified.
2.6. Environmental Impact Assessment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Synthesis
3.2. Surface Characterization
3.3. Fluorescent Characterization
3.4. Comparative LCA Study
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hydrothermal | Microwave | Calcination | |
---|---|---|---|
Synthesis yield/% | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 28.5 ± 4.5 | 26.9 ± 1.1 |
Quantum yield/% | 3.7 | 25.1 | 29.3 |
Zeta Potential/mV | −0.5 | 0.0 | −0.1 |
Hydrothermal-CDs | Microwave-CDs | Calcination-CDs | |
---|---|---|---|
C (%) | 62.0 | 60.0 | 61.9 |
N (%) | 9.1 | 13.1 | 13.5 |
O (%) | 28.8 | 26.9 | 24.7 |
Carbon Dots | QYFL(%) | QYFL-Based Functional Unit (Using Microwave Synthesis as Reference) |
---|---|---|
Hydrothermal | 3.7 | 7.9 |
Microwave | 25.1 | 1.2 |
Calcination | 29.3 | 1.0 |
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Crista, D.M.A.; Esteves da Silva, J.C.G.; Pinto da Silva, L. Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071316
Crista DMA, Esteves da Silva JCG, Pinto da Silva L. Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(7):1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071316
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrista, Diana M. A., Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva, and Luís Pinto da Silva. 2020. "Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots" Nanomaterials 10, no. 7: 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071316