Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2. Polishing Protocols
2.3. Surface Roughness Determination
2.4. Color Stability Determination
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Surface Roughness and Topography Imaging
3.2. Color Stability
3.3. Correlation and Factorial Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Filtek™ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative | Fill-Up™ | Filtek™ Z250 | |
---|---|---|---|
Organic Matrix | AUDMA (10%–20%) DDDMA (<10%) UDMA (1%–10%) AFM | TMPTMA (10%–15%) UDMA (10%–15%) Bis-GMA (5%–10%) TEGDMA (1%–5%) | UDMA (1%–10%) Bis-EMA (1%–10%) Bis-GMA (1%–10%) TEGDMA (1%–5%) |
Filler Type and Size | Silica nanoparticles (20 nm), Zirconia nanoparticles (4–11 nm), and trifluoride ytterbium (100 nm) | Silica particles and coated zinc oxide (1%–5%) Range 0.1–5 µm | Silica, aluminum oxide, andzirconia particles Range 0.01–3.5 µm |
Filler load (wt. %) (vol %) | 76.5 58.5 | 65 49 | 82 60 |
Color | A3 | Universal (A2-A3) | A3 |
Manufacturer | 3M™ ESPE™ (St. Paul, MN, USA) | Coltène-Whaledent (Altstätten, Switzerland) | 3M™ ESPE™ (St. Paul, MN, USA) |
Batch | N726218 | G14043 | N726150 |
Instructions | 4 mm thickness increments 40 s polymerization | Dual cured resin Any thickness increments. 10 s polymerization | Increments with a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm. 20 s polymerization |
Material | Supplier | Procedure | |
---|---|---|---|
Polishing protocol No. 1 (P1) | Sof-lex™ pre-polishing spiral (yellow) Batch: N508797 | 3M™ ESPE™ (St. Paul, MN, USA) | Pre-polishing with rubber spiral coated with aluminum oxide, followed by diamond polishing spiral wheel. |
Sof-lex™ Diamond Polishing Spiral (purple) Batch: N782180 | 3M™ ESPE™ (St. Paul, MN, USA) | ||
Polishing protocol No. 2 (P2) | DIATECH® Shape Guard Composite Polishing Plus Kit Batch: G97378 | Coltène-Whaleden, (Altstätten, Switzerland) | Pre-polishing with purple diamond polish spiral Comprepol Plus (23SG14RA) followed by blue diamond spiral Composhine Plus (24SG14RA). |
Polishing protocol No. 3 (P3) | DIATECH® Composite Polishing Plus Kit Batch: G84512 | Coltène-Whaledent, (Altstätten, Switzerland) | Pre-polishing with diamond rubber cup—purple (2311RA) followed by blue diamond spiral (2411RA). Diamond polishing paste Intra Oral Diashine * applied with goat hairbrush (SHP Soft Bristle Brush). Finished with a brush impregnated with silicon carbide powder (Brushine), using constant pressure without paste. |
Intra Oral Diashine® polishing compound | VH Technology (Seattle, WA, USA) | ||
SHP Soft Bristle Brush | VH Technology (Seattle, WA, USA) | ||
Brushine | Coltène-Whaleden, (Altstätten, Switzerland) | ||
Polishing protocol No. 4 (P4) (control) | TDF series 014—extra-fine diamond bur Batch: 97529 | NTI-Kahla GmbH, (Kahla, Germany) | Surface finishing with extra-fine diamond bur—TDF |
Filtek™ Bulk Fill | Fill-Up™ | Filtek™ Z250 | |
---|---|---|---|
Polishing Protocol | M (±SD) [95% CI] | M (±SD) [95% CI] | M (±SD) [95% CI] |
P1 | 142.4 (±28.9) aA [106.5-178.3] | 304.5 (±31.0) aB [266.1-343.0] | 111.2 (±18.1) aC [88.7-133.6] |
P2 | 135.2 (±33.8) aA [93.1-177.2] | 213.0 (±29.5) bB [176.3-249.7] | 147.8 (±32.2) aA [107.9-187.7] |
P3 | 40.8 (±18.7) bA [17.6-64.0] | 218.8 (±16.0) bB [199.0-238.7] | 68.1 (±15.2) bA [49.2-86.9] |
P4 (control) | 223.8 (±19.1) cA [200.1-247.5] | 328.6 (±27.5) aB [294.4-362.7] | 207.2 (±7.8) cA [197.5-216.9] |
Polishing Protocol | Filtek™ Bulk Fill M (±SD) [95% CI] | Fill-Up™ M (±SD) [95% CI] | Filtek™ Z250 M (±SD) [95% CI] |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 10.9 (±0.5) aA [10.3–11.6] | 11.2 (±0.8) aA [10.1–12.3] | 10.4 (±1.2) aA [8.8–11.9] |
P2 | 9.2 (±0.8) bA [8.3–10.2] | 11.0 (±0.5) aB [10.3–11.6] | 8.2 (±0.2) bC [7.9–8.4] |
P3 | 8.5 (±0.8) cA [7.5–9.5] | 10.7 (±0.6) aB [9.9–11.5] | 7.2 (±0.4) bA [6.6–7.7] |
P4 (control) | 13.2 (±0.6) dAB [12.4–14.0] | 14.6 (±0.4) bA [10.0–15.1] | 12.5 (±0.7) cB [11.7–13.4] |
Source | Type III Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial Eta Squared |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model (corrected) (Ra) | 419,501.979 | 11 | 38,136.544 | 63.652 | <0.001 | 0.936 |
Model (corrected) (ΔE) | 254.725 | 11 | 23.157 | 47.867 | <0.001 | 0.916 |
Resin composite type (Ra) | 231,238.345 | 2 | 115,619.172 | 192.975 | <0.001 | 0.889 |
Polishing procedure (Ra) | 159,052.904 | 3 | 53,017.635 | 88.489 | <0.001 | 0.847 |
Resin composite type × polishing procedure (Ra) | 29,210.730 | 6 | 4868.455 | 8.126 | <0.001 | 0.504 |
Resin composite type (ΔE) | 54.000 | 2 | 27.000 | 55.811 | <0.001 | 0.699 |
Polishing procedure (ΔE) | 190.330 | 3 | 63.443 | 131.144 | <0.001 | 0.891 |
Resin composite type × polishing procedure (ΔE) | 10.395 | 6 | 1.732 | 3.581 | 0.005 | 0.309 |
Error (Ra) | 28,758.802 | 48 | 599.142 | |||
Error (ΔE) | 23.221 | 48 | 0.484 | |||
Total (corrected) (Ra) | 448,260.781 | 59 | ||||
Total (corrected) (ΔE) | 277.946 | 59 |
Filtek™ Bulk Fill | Fill-Up™ | Filtek™ Z250 | |
---|---|---|---|
Ra (nm) | 135.5 A | 266.2 B | 133.6 A |
ΔE (%) | 10.5 A | 11.9 B | 9.6 C |
P1 | P2 | P3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Ra (nm) | 186.0 A | 165.3 A | 109.2 B |
ΔE (%) | 10.8 A | 9.5 B | 8.8 C |
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Freitas, F.; Pinheiro de Melo, T.; Delgado, A.H.; Monteiro, P.; Rua, J.; Proença, L.; Caldeira, J.; Mano Azul, A.; Mendes, J.J. Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites. J. Funct. Biomater. 2021, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb12010001
Freitas F, Pinheiro de Melo T, Delgado AH, Monteiro P, Rua J, Proença L, Caldeira J, Mano Azul A, Mendes JJ. Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2021; 12(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb12010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleFreitas, Filipa, Teresa Pinheiro de Melo, António HS Delgado, Paulo Monteiro, João Rua, Luís Proença, Jorge Caldeira, Ana Mano Azul, and José João Mendes. 2021. "Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb12010001