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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper–Water Nanofluid
by
Luma F. Ali
Luma F. Ali 1,*
,
Hussein Togun
Hussein Togun 2
and
Abdellatif M. Sadeq
Abdellatif M. Sadeq 3,*
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
2
Thi-Qar Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah 61001, Iraq
3
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Computation 2025, 13(9), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090218 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 July 2025
/
Revised: 26 August 2025
/
Accepted: 29 August 2025
/
Published: 6 September 2025
Abstract
Practical applications such as solar power energy systems, electronic cooling, and the convective drying of vented enclosures require continuous developments to enhance fluid and heat flow. Numerous studies have investigated the enhancement of heat transfer in L-formed vented cavities by inserting heat-generating components, filling the cavity with nanofluids, providing an inner rotating cylinder and a phase-change packed system, etc. Contemporary work has examined the thermal performance of L-shaped porous vented enclosures, which can be augmented by using metal foam, using nanofluids as a saturated fluid, and increasing the wall surface area by corrugating the cavity’s heating wall. These features are not discussed in published articles, and their exploration can be considered a novelty point in this work. In this study, a vented cavity was occupied by a copper metal foam with PPI = 10 and saturated with a copper–water nanofluid. The cavity walls were well insulated except for the left wall, which was kept at a hot isothermal temperature and was either non-corrugated or corrugated with rectangular waves. The Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model and local thermal non-equilibrium models were adopted in momentum and energy-governing equations and solved numerically by utilizing commercial software. The influences of various effective parameters, including the Reynolds number (20 ≤ Re ≤ 1000), the nanoparticle volume fraction (0% ≤ φ ≤ 20%), the inflow and outflow vent aspect ratios (0.1 ≤ D/H ≤ 0.4), the rectangular wave corrugation number (N = 5 and N = 10), and the corrugation dimension ratio (CR = 1 and CR = 0.5) were determined. The results indicate that the flow field and heat transfer were affected mainly by variations in Re, D/H, and φ for a non-corrugated left wall; they were additionally influenced by N and CR when the wall was corrugated. The fluid- and solid-phase temperatures of the metal foam increased with an increase in Re and D/H. The fluid-phase Nusselt number near the hot left sidewall increased with an increase in φ by (25–60)%, while the solid-phase Nusselt number decreased by (10–30)%, and these numbers rose by around 3.5 times when the Reynolds number increased from 20 to 1000. For the corrugated hot wall, the Nusselt numbers of the two metal foam phases increased with an increase in Re and decreased with an increase in D/H, CR, or N by 10%, 19%, and 37%. The original aspect of this study is its use of a thermal, non-equilibrium, nanofluid-saturated metal foam in a corrugated L-shaped vented cavity. We aimed to investigate the thermal performance of this system in order to reinforce the viability of applying this material in thermal engineering systems.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ali, L.F.; Togun, H.; Sadeq, A.M.
Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper–Water Nanofluid. Computation 2025, 13, 218.
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090218
AMA Style
Ali LF, Togun H, Sadeq AM.
Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper–Water Nanofluid. Computation. 2025; 13(9):218.
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090218
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ali, Luma F., Hussein Togun, and Abdellatif M. Sadeq.
2025. "Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper–Water Nanofluid" Computation 13, no. 9: 218.
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090218
APA Style
Ali, L. F., Togun, H., & Sadeq, A. M.
(2025). Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper–Water Nanofluid. Computation, 13(9), 218.
https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13090218
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