D0L-System Inference from a Single Sequence with a Genetic Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- A new line detection algorithm,
- Extending the current capabilities of inference algorithms for D0L-systems from a single sequence from two to at least three rules,
- Improving the execution speed of heuristic algorithms for systems with one or two rules and reducing the number of assumptions that need to be made about the grammars being inferred.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. L-Systems
2.2. Grammatical Inference
2.3. Genetic Algorithms
2.4. Related Works
2.5. Inferring Grammar from a Single Input Image
2.6. Image Parsing
2.6.1. Straight Line Detection
2.6.2. Model Building
2.6.3. Sequence Generation
2.7. Grammar Inference
2.7.1. Calculating Sequence Length at the nth Iteration of System
Algorithm 1: L-system inference |
2.7.2. System Independence from Terminal Symbols
2.7.3. Genetic Algorithm
Initial Population Generation
Genetic Operators
Fitness Function
Algorithm 2: Fitness function |
3. Results
3.1. Grammar Inference
3.2. More Complex Systems
3.3. Runtime Distribution
3.4. Koch Island
3.5. Genetic Programming Using BNF Grammar
3.6. Crossover between Individuals with Different Rule Counts
3.7. Comparison with Generational GA Approach
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Iteration Count of Own Algorithm | Iteration Count of GA from [14] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Average | Maximum | Minimum | Average | Maximum | ||
System A | 1 | 1.7 | 5 | 1.34 | 1 | 10.8 | 38 |
System B | 8 | 31.5 | 70 | 30.79 | 32 | 53.5 | 97 |
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Łabędzki, M.; Unold, O. D0L-System Inference from a Single Sequence with a Genetic Algorithm. Information 2023, 14, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14060343
Łabędzki M, Unold O. D0L-System Inference from a Single Sequence with a Genetic Algorithm. Information. 2023; 14(6):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14060343
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁabędzki, Mateusz, and Olgierd Unold. 2023. "D0L-System Inference from a Single Sequence with a Genetic Algorithm" Information 14, no. 6: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14060343