Latinx Emerging Adults’ Religious Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Religious Identity Development
1.2. Ethnic Identity Development
1.3. Identity Exploration, Formation, and Integration
1.4. Psychological Well-Being
1.5. Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic Information
2.2.2. Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Measure
2.2.3. Religious Identity Measure
2.2.4. Psychological Well-Being
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Psychological Well-Being, Religious Identity, and Ethnic Identity
4.2. Psychological Well-Being and Interactions of Religious and Ethnic Identity
4.3. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Throughout the paper we use the term Latinx. This pan-ethnic term describes the U.S. population of people tracing their roots to Latin America and Spain in an effort to be inclusive of all gender identities. However, there is evidence to show that this term is not the most preferred by those from this population (Noe-Bustamante et al. 2020b; Penaloza 2020; Pereira 2021). There is an ongoing dialogue within this population about language adaptations to practice inclusion. |
2 | PROCESS Macro, which was used for specific analyses, utilizes listwise analyses, which resulted in lower sample sizes in each model than in sample characteristics shown in Table 2. |
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Characteristic | N | % |
---|---|---|
Gender Identity | ||
Male | 165 | 24.2 |
Female | 518 | 75.8 |
Religious Preference | ||
Protestant | 142 | 20.7 |
Roman Catholic | 480 | 70.3 |
Jewish | 4 | 0.6 |
Mormon | 7 | 1.0 |
Jehovah Witness | 3 | 0.4 |
Muslim | 1 | 0.1 |
Hindu | 2 | 0.3 |
Other | 44 | 6.4 |
Variable | M | SD | Skew | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnic Identity | ||||
Exploration | 3.31 | 0.9 | −0.17 | −0.48 |
Commitment | 4.14 | 0.81 | −0.94 | 0.51 |
Religious Identity | ||||
Exploration | 2.4 | 0.82 | −0.001 | −0.59 |
Commitment | 2.97 | 0.68 | −0.65 | 0.66 |
Psychological Well-Being | 80.74 | 11.39 | −0.48 | −0.3 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Religious Identity Exploration | -- | 0.56 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.02 |
2. Religious Identity Commitment | -- | 0.13 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.28 ** | |
3. Ethnic Identity Exploration | -- | 0.63 ** | 0.04 | ||
4. Ethnic Identity Commitment | -- | 0.20 ** | |||
5. Psychological Well-Being | -- |
Psychological Well-Being | ||
---|---|---|
b (SE) | R2 | |
Model 1 | 0.03 ** | |
Ethnic Identity Exploration (EIE) | 0.46 (0.53) | |
Religious Identity Exploration (RIE) | 0.10 (0.59) | |
EIE × RIE | 1.27 (0.59) * | |
Model 2 | 0.07 ** | |
Ethnic Identity Commitment (EIC) | 2.89 (0.57) ** | |
Religious Identity Exploration (RIE) | −0.36 (0.56) | |
EIC × RIE | 1.37 (0.66) * | |
Model 3 | 0.01 ** | |
Ethnic Identity Exploration (EIE) | 0.08 (0.49) | |
Religious Identity Commitment (RIC) | 4.72 (0.66) *** | |
EIE × RIC | 0.59 (0.69) | |
Model 4 | 0.12 ** | |
Ethnic Identity Commitment (EIC) | 2.08 (0.57) ** | |
Religious Identity Commitment (RIC) | 4.10 (0.67) ** | |
EIC × RIC | 0.39 (0.75) | |
Model 5 | 0.13 ** | |
Religious Identity Exploration (RIE) | −2.87 (0.63) ** | |
Religious Identity Commitment (RIC) | 6.71 (0.78) ** | |
RIE × RIC | 1.86 (0.66) ** | |
Model 6 | 0.10 ** | |
Ethnic Identity Exploration (EIE) | −2.52 (0.61) ** | |
Ethnic Identity Commitment (EIC) | 5.70 (0.75) ** | |
EIE × EIC | 1.94 (0.56) ** |
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Schiro, I.N.; Barry, C.M.; Coiro, M.J.; Quickel, E.J.W. Latinx Emerging Adults’ Religious Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being. Religions 2021, 12, 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121073
Schiro IN, Barry CM, Coiro MJ, Quickel EJW. Latinx Emerging Adults’ Religious Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being. Religions. 2021; 12(12):1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121073
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchiro, Isabella Nicole, Carolyn McNamara Barry, Mary Jo Coiro, and Emalee J. W. Quickel. 2021. "Latinx Emerging Adults’ Religious Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being" Religions 12, no. 12: 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121073