Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges
Center for Demographic Studies, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Religions 2020, 11(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11020076
Received: 26 November 2019 / Revised: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 January 2020 / Published: 7 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Gender and Sikh traditions)
Since the 1990s, the Sikh community in India has entered a phase of considerable socioeconomic and demographic transformation that is caused by the large-scale practice of female feticide, the spread of higher education among women, and the mass emigration of unskilled men to the Western countries. These changes have a great impact on the traditional configuration of gender roles and disrupt the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in India and in the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations and 64 in-depth interviews with Sikh immigrants in Spain (26) and Italy (22) and their relatives in India (16), this paper first explores the expectations of masculinity in the Sikh community in Italy and Spain; and second, analyses the challenges that are imposed by the socioeconomic and demographic transformation in the Indian Sikh community and the social environment in the host countries on the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in both countries.
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Keywords:
Sikh religion; masculinity; gender roles; women’s education; diaspora
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Garha, N.S. Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges. Religions 2020, 11, 76.
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