A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Analytical Method
2.1.1. Pump Inclusion Procedure
2.1.2. Required Pump Head of the System
2.1.3. Inclusion of Minor Losses
2.2. CFD Method
2.2.1. Conservation of Mass
2.2.2. Conservation of Momentum
2.2.3. Transport Equations for the Standard k– Model
2.2.4. Numerical Scheme
2.2.5. Loss Coefficients
2.3. Experimental Method
2.3.1. A Full-Scale Experimental Test
2.3.2. A Replica Experimental Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analytical Analysis
3.1.1. Determination of the Pump Operating Point
3.1.2. Effect of Hose Dimensions
3.1.3. Effect of Jets Number and Diameter
3.1.4. Effect of Impeller Diameter
3.1.5. Effect of the Pump Type
3.2. Experimental Tests
3.2.1. Experimental Validation of Computational Pressure
3.2.2. Experimental Tests of Replica Model on Flow Rate
3.3. Computational Analysis
3.3.1. Convergence Test
3.3.2. Comparison of Tapered and Original Jets
3.3.3. Comparison of Tapered and Slit Jets
3.3.4. Scouring Effects of Different Jets
3.3.5. Effect of Manifold Shape on Flow
3.3.6. Manufacturable Slit Nozzle Design
3.3.7. A Comparison of the Slit Nozzle Design and the Original Design of the Full Manifold
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Pump head (m) | |
Total head losses (m) | |
p | Pressure (Pa) |
Specific weight of seawater () | |
g | Gravitational acceleration () |
z | Elevation (m) |
V | Velocity (m/s) |
h | Water depth (m) |
Length of the hose (m) | |
Inner diameter of the hose (m) | |
Inner sectional area of the hose () | |
Hose resistance factor (dimensionless) | |
Reynolds number (dimensionless) | |
k | Absolute roughness of the hose material |
Kinematic viscosity of seawater (/s) | |
Q | Flow rate (/s) |
Number of jets (dimensionless) | |
Jet diameter at its exit (m) | |
Jet loss coefficient (dimensionless) |
Appendix A. Derivation of the Required Pump Head of the Clam Dredge System
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Pump Selection | |
Pump | Goulds 3415 10X12-22 |
RPM | 1650 |
Impeller Diameter | 0.5207 m |
System Parameters | |
Hose Length, L | 91.44 m |
Hose Diameter, D | 0.254 m |
Manifold Loss Coefficient, k | 0.67 |
Exit Area Type | Jets |
Number of Jets | 30 |
Jet Diameter | 1.905 × m |
Minor Loss Coefficient | 9.8 |
Friction Factor | 0.02 |
Constants | |
Gravitational Acceleration, g | |
Density, | |
Viscosity, | (Pa·s) |
Manufacturer | Model |
---|---|
Fairbanks | 2825A |
2825C | |
5824 | |
Goulds | 3409, 10 × 14-20L |
3409, 12 × 16-23 | |
3410, 8 × 10-17 | |
3415, 10 × 12-22 | |
Simsite | 12 × 10 × 21 HHYDS |
Weinman | 8L7 |
8L1 |
Diameter | Description | k | Quantity |
---|---|---|---|
m | Elbow | 0.39 | 2 |
m | Elbow | 0.42 | 1 |
m | Elbow | 0.22 | 4 |
m | Reducer | 0.13 | 1 |
m | Ball Valve (open) | 0.04 | 1 |
m | Elbow | 0.22 | 4 |
m | Swivel | 1 |
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You, R.; Kennedy, N.H. A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071305
You R, Kennedy NH. A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(7):1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071305
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Rui, and Nathan H. Kennedy. 2025. "A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 7: 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071305
APA StyleYou, R., & Kennedy, N. H. (2025). A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(7), 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071305