Investigation of Turbulence Intensity Effects on Tidal Turbine Wakes Through the BEM–CFD Method

The wake characteristics of tidal turbines are significantly influenced by turbulence intensity (TI) and flow velocity in the marine environment. This study employs the Blade Element Momentum (BEM)–CFD method to model two-bladed horizontal tidal turbine wakes, simplifying the turbine geometry while ensuring computational efficiency. The numerical model, validated against experimental data, demonstrates reliable accuracy. Simulations were conducted for background TI levels of 2%, 6%, 10%, 14%, and 18%. Results indicate that wake regions initially expand and then contract, with the contraction point moving closer to the turbine as TI increases. At 2% TI, the wake influence region extends to an axial distance/diameter (X/D) ratio of 20, while at 18% TI, contraction begins at X/D = 4. Low TI results in more extensive low-speed regions, whereas high TI accelerates wake recovery. As TI increases, the wake’s turbulence rapidly blends with the background, leading to a reduction in turbulence increments within the wake. Additionally, an analytical wake model for tidal turbines was developed, incorporating turbulence intensity into the formula. The predicted curve exhibited good agreement with the CFD data. This model enables a quick and efficient prediction of wake velocity changes under varying turbulence intensities.