Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Litter Categories
3.2. Litter Discharge Estimates
3.2.1. Northern Dvina
3.2.2. Onega
3.3. Calculation of the Mass Discharge of Macro Plastic
- Mp—calculated mass discharge
- p—particle flux/hour
- mp—average weight of one plastic product
3.4. Macroplastics Composition Estimation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Top Categories of Anthropogenic Items | Size, cm | % of All Anthropogenic Particles | |
---|---|---|---|
Wood boards | 2.5–5 | 5.3 | 22 |
5–10 | 5.3 | ||
10–20 | 2.1 | ||
20–30 | 5.8 | ||
30–50 | 2.6 | ||
>50 | 0.9 | ||
Other plastic/polystyrene items | 2.5–5 | 14 | 14 |
Plastic pieces | 2.5–5 | 10.1 | 14 |
5–10 | 2.9 | ||
10–20 | 0.5 | ||
20–30 | 0.5 | ||
Plastic bottle | 2.5–5 | 2.1 | 12 |
10–20 | 3.7 | ||
20–30 | 5.7 | ||
30–50 | 0.5 | ||
Other paper | 2.5–5 | 2.7 | 5 |
5–10 | 0.8 | ||
10–20 | 1.5 | ||
Bag | 5–10 | 1.3 | 5 |
10–20 | 1.6 | ||
20–30 | 1.6 | ||
30–50 | 0.5 |
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Mikusheva, M.; Pogojeva, M.; Kotova, E.; Kozhevnikov, A.; Danilova, E.; Berezina, A.; Yakushev, E. Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020293
Mikusheva M, Pogojeva M, Kotova E, Kozhevnikov A, Danilova E, Berezina A, Yakushev E. Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023; 11(2):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020293
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikusheva, Maria, Maria Pogojeva, Ekaterina Kotova, Alexsander Kozhevnikov, Eleonora Danilova, Anfisa Berezina, and Evgeniy Yakushev. 2023. "Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020293
APA StyleMikusheva, M., Pogojeva, M., Kotova, E., Kozhevnikov, A., Danilova, E., Berezina, A., & Yakushev, E. (2023). Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020293