Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bioassay
2.3. Determination of Wheat Height and Chlorophyll Content
2.4. Quantity Determination of BYDV Coat Protein mRNA by Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction(Q-RT-PCR)
2.5. Detection of Apterous Viruliferous Schizaphis graminum Feeding Behavior
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Control Efficiency of PeaT1 on BYDV Indoor
3.2. Effect of PeaT1 on BYDV Coat Protein mRNA
3.3. Effect of PeaT1 on Transmission Vector Schizaphis graminum Feeding Behavior
3.4. PeaT1 Weakened the Symptom of Wheat Caused by BYDV
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease Grade | Grading Standard |
---|---|
0 | Health leaf without chlorosis |
1 | Top end of leaf is chlorosis |
2 | The margin of 1–2 cm top of leaf is light yellow |
3 | 1–2 cm top of leaf is yellow |
4 | 1/4 of leaf is yellow, other part is light chlorosis |
5 | 1/3 of leaf is yellow, other part is light chlorosis |
6 | Top end of leaf is dried up, 1/2 of leaf is yellow, other part is light chlorosis |
7 | Top end of leaf is dried up, over 1/2 of leaf is yellow, other part is light chlorosis |
8 | Top end of leaf is dried up, whole leaf is chlorosis or yellow nonuniformly |
9 | Top end of leaf is dried up, whole leaf is yellow |
10 | whole leaf is yellow or dried up |
Time after IAP (Day) | Disease Index | Control Efficiency (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Control | PeaT1 Treatment | ||
14 | 27.47 ± 2.22 | 17.92 ± 1.44 ** | 35.34 ± 2.20 |
21 | 38.93 ± 0.70 | 24.58 ± 3.45 ** | 36.77 ± 9.59 |
Parameters of EPG | Control (n = 22) | PeaT1 Treatment (n = 22) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Time to 1st probe from start of EPG (min) | 4.20 ± 0.64 | 7.25 ± 0.87 * | 0.04 |
Duration of nonprobe period before the 1st E1 (min) | 18.11 ± 2.22 | 27.69 ± 3.94 * | 0.05 |
Time from 1st probe to 1st E1 (h) | 1.80 ± 0.14 | 2.50 ± 0.28 * | 0.04 |
Time from start of EPG to 1st E1 (h) | 1.86 ± 0.14 | 2.53 ± 0.28 * | 0.05 |
Mean duration of E1 (min) | 2.28 ± 0.28 | 2.90 ± 0.49 | 0.32 |
Time after IAP (Day) | Content of Chlorophyll a&b (μg/g × FW) | Wheat Height (cm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | PeaT1 Treatment | Control | PeaT1 Treatment | |
14 | 144.29 ± 4.58 | 194.23 ± 7.05 ** | 26.88 ± 1.3 | 33.35 ± 1.56 ** |
21 | 106.06 ± 7.56 | 172.64 ± 5.29 ** | 27.59 ± 1.82 | 33.41 ± 2.54 ** |
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Li, L.; Wang, S.; Yang, X.; Francis, F.; Qiu, D. Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat. Agriculture 2019, 9, 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090193
Li L, Wang S, Yang X, Francis F, Qiu D. Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat. Agriculture. 2019; 9(9):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090193
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Lin, Shuangchao Wang, Xiufen Yang, Frederic Francis, and Dewen Qiu. 2019. "Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat" Agriculture 9, no. 9: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090193