Influence of Osmotic, Salt, and Combined Stress on Morphophysiological Parameters of Chenopodium quinoa Photosynthetic Organs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Growth Conditions
2.3. Water Content Determination
2.4. Analysis of Elements Changes in the Anatomical Structure
2.5. Determination of Ion Balance in Plant Tissues
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | P | 100NaCl | 200NaCl | 300NaCl | 100 NaCl/P | 200NaCl/P | 300NaCl/P |
14 days, solution 50% Hoagland | 10 days per solution 50% Hoagland + 4 days PEG-6000 at a concentration of 12.5% (m/v) | 14 days, solution 50% Hoagland + 100 mM NaCl | 14 days, solution 50% Hoagland + 200 mM NaCl | 14 days, solution 50% Hoagland + 300 mM NaCl | 10 days per solution 50% Hoagland + 100 mM NaCl + 4 days PEG-6000 | 10 days per solution 50% Hoagland + 200 mM NaCl + 4 days PEG-6000 | 10 days per solution 50% Hoagland + 300 mM NaCl + 4 days PEG-6000 |
Variable and Source of Variation | df | F | p | Variable and Source of Variation | df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plantgrowth | Area of stem xylem | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 3.044 | 0.100 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 1.560 | 0.230 |
Salt stress | 3 | 14.720 | <0.001 | Salt stress | 3 | 12.930 | <0.001 |
Combined stress | 3 | 0.381 | 0.768 | Combined stress | 3 | 3.968 | 0.027 |
Water content | Percentage of plasmolysis in cells | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 7.149 | 0.017 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 6.723 | 0.020 |
Salt stress | 3 | 7.624 | 0.002 | Salt stress | 3 | 17.373 | <0.001 |
Combined stress | 3 | 0.337 | 0.799 | Combined stress | 3 | 1.691 | 0.209 |
Leaf biomass | The thickness of the adaxial leaf epidermis | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 123.183 | <0.001 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 2.909 | 0.107 |
Salt stress | 3 | 86.311 | <0.001 | Salt stress | 3 | 4.048 | 0.026 |
Combined stress | 3 | 3.472 | 0.041 | Combined stress | 3 | 0.465 | 0.711 |
Na+ ion content | The thickness of the abaxial leaf epidermis | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 3.120 | 0.096 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 3.207 | 0.092 |
Salt stress | 3 | 192.443 | <0.001 | Salt stress | 3 | 3.257 | 0.049 |
Combined stress | 3 | 6.176 | 0.005 | Combined stress | 3 | 1.106 | 0.376 |
K+ ion content | Thickness of mesophyll | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 4.289 | 0.055 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 2.362 | 0.144 |
Salt stress | 3 | 0.889 | 0.468 | Salt stress | 3 | 0.668 | 0.584 |
Combined stress | 3 | 11.302 | <0.001 | Combined stress | 3 | 0.524 | 0.672 |
K+/Na+ ratio | The thickness of the central leaf vein | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 1.742 | 0.205 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 0.010 | 0.923 |
Salt stress | 3 | 6.517 | 0.004 | Salt stress | 3 | 5.546 | 0.008 |
Combined stress | 3 | 21.531 | <0.001 | Combined stress | 3 | 3.650 | 0.035 |
The thickness of stem parenchyma | Diameter of the leaf central vascular bundle | ||||||
Osmotic stress | 1 | 0.158 | 0.696 | Osmotic stress | 1 | 2.071 | 0.169 |
Salt stress | 3 | 2.337 | 0.112 | Salt stress | 3 | 10.271 | 0.001 |
Combined stress | 3 | 1.349 | 0.294 | Combined stress | 3 | 4.735 | 0.015 |
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Terletskaya, N.V.; Erbay, M.; Zorbekova, A.N.; Prokofieva, M.Y.; Saidova, L.T.; Mamirova, A. Influence of Osmotic, Salt, and Combined Stress on Morphophysiological Parameters of Chenopodium quinoa Photosynthetic Organs. Agriculture 2023, 13, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010001
Terletskaya NV, Erbay M, Zorbekova AN, Prokofieva MY, Saidova LT, Mamirova A. Influence of Osmotic, Salt, and Combined Stress on Morphophysiological Parameters of Chenopodium quinoa Photosynthetic Organs. Agriculture. 2023; 13(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerletskaya, Nina V., Malika Erbay, Aigerim N. Zorbekova, Maria Yu Prokofieva, Luizat T. Saidova, and Aigerim Mamirova. 2023. "Influence of Osmotic, Salt, and Combined Stress on Morphophysiological Parameters of Chenopodium quinoa Photosynthetic Organs" Agriculture 13, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010001