Comprehensive Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Ionic Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Plant Morphological Data
2.4. Chlorophyll Content and Photochemical Efficiency of PSII
2.5. Membrane Stability Index
2.6. Na+, K+, Ca2+ Content in Shoot and Root
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Salt Stress on Morpho-Physiological and Ionic Traits
3.2. Categorization of Wheat Genotypes Based on Salt Tolerance Index (STI)
3.3. Salt Tolerance Index and Correlation between Traits under Salt Stress
3.4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3.5. Ionic Concentrations among the Wheat Genotypes
3.6. Contribution of Traits in Salt Tolerance
4. Discussion
4.1. Phenotypic Trait Variation
4.2. Na+ and Ca2+ Interactions
4.3. Shoot K+/Na+ Response to Salt Stress
4.4. Important Traits for Salt Tolerance Evaluation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
STI | Salt tolerance index based on TDW |
CHL | Chlorophyll (SPAD-values) |
MSI | Membrane stability index |
RFW | Root fresh weight (g) |
SFW | Shoot fresh weight (g) |
RDW | Root dry weight (g) |
SDW | Shoot dry weight (g) |
TFW | Total fresh weight (g) |
TDW | Total dry weight (g) |
R/S | Root shoot ratio based on TDW |
RWC_S | Relative water content of shoot (%) |
RWC_R | Relative water content of root (%) |
RWC_T | Total relative water content (%) |
RL | Root length (cm) |
SL | Shoot length (cm) |
PS | Photochemical efficiency of PSII (μmols m−2 s−1) |
Shoot Na+ | Na+ content of shoot (mg g−1) |
Root Na+ | Na+ content of root (mg g−1) |
Shoot K+ | K+ content of shoot (mg g−1) |
Root K+ | K+ content of root (mg g−1) |
Shoot Ca2+ | Ca2+ content of shoot (mg g−1) |
Root Ca2+ | Ca2+ content of root (mg g−1) |
K+/Na+_S | K+/Na+ ratio of shoot |
K+/Na+_R | K+/Na+ ratio of root |
Na+/Ca2+_S | Na+/Ca2+ ratio of shoot |
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S. No | Traits | Genotypes (G) | Salinity Treatments (T) | Genotype × Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
df | 43 | 1 | 43 | |
1 | CHL | 41.028 ** | 649.89 ** | 10.90 ** |
2 | MSI | 685.03 ** | 45900.15 ** | 209.11 ** |
3 | RFW | 0.48 ** | 5.53 ** | 0.13 ** |
4 | SFW | 5.62 ** | 279.36 ** | 3.71 ** |
5 | TFW | 8.92 ** | 363.52 ** | 4.94 ** |
6 | RDW | 0.006 ** | 0.074 ** | 0.002 ** |
7 | SDW | 0.07 ** | 1.73 ** | 0.04 ** |
8 | TDW | 0.11 ** | 2.52 ** | 0.05 ** |
9 | R/S | 0.13 ** | 1.27 ** | 0.04 ** |
10 | RL | 69.90 ** | 1392.74 ** | 44.68 ** |
11 | SL | 119.00 ** | 8684.74 ** | 46.58 ** |
12 | PS | 5234.92 ** | 227274.68 ** | 3654.37 ** |
13 | RWC_S | 78.90 ** | 2484.55 ** | 27.71 ** |
14 | RWC_R | 314.79 ** | 459.89 ** | 65.31 ** |
15 | RWC_T | 86.78 ** | 2293.51 ** | 22.53 ** |
16 | Shoot Na+ | 2344.95 ** | 692762.80 ** | 2064.73 ** |
17 | Root Na+ | 1593.13 ** | 215913.41 ** | 751.39 ** |
18 | Shoot K+ | 5014.66 ** | 233.04 * | 1568.55 ** |
19 | Root K+ | 1354.47 ** | 25986.23 ** | 952.10 ** |
20 | Shoot Ca+ | 1865.33 ** | 4383.89 ** | 556.15 ** |
21 | Root Ca+ | 166824.19 ** | 36555.03 ** | 43997.20 ** |
22 | K+/Na+_S | 7.75 ** | 1642.41 ** | 6.86 ** |
23 | K+/Na+_R | 4.39 ** | 529.30 ** | 4.30 ** |
24 | Na+/Ca+_S | 5.17 ** | 634.66 ** | 4.23 ** |
25 | Na+/Ca+_R | 0.05 ** | 2.08 ** | 0.02 ** |
Trait | Treatment | STI | TDW | SDW | RDW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot Na+ | Salt | NS | −0.371 ** | −0.355 ** | −0.317 ** |
Control | −0.64 ** | −0.622 ** | −0.528 ** | ||
Root Na+ | Salt | −0.244 * | −0.317 ** | −0.233 * | −0.443 ** |
Control | −0.224 * | NS | −0.445 ** | ||
Shoot K+ | Salt | 0.60 ** | NS | −0.197 * | NS |
Control | −0.536 ** | −0.562 ** | −0.271 * | ||
Root K+ | Salt | NS | NS | NS | −0.30 ** |
Control | 0.436 ** | 0.473 ** | NS | ||
Shoot Ca2+ | Salt | NS | −0.442 ** | −0.473 ** | −0.26* |
Control | −0.632 ** | −0.649 ** | −0.379 ** | ||
Root Ca2+ | Salt | 0.31 ** | NS | −0.189 * | NS |
Control | NS | NS | NS | ||
Shoot K+/Na+ | Salt | 0.533 ** | NS | NS | NS |
Control | NS | NS | NS | ||
Root K+/Na+ | Salt | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Control | 0.51 ** | 0.491 ** | 0.443 ** | ||
Shoot Na+/Ca2+ | Salt | −0.178 * | 0.40 ** | 0.459 ** | NS |
Control | 0.245 * | 0.29 * | NS | ||
Root Na+/Ca2+ | Salt | −0.361 ** | NS | NS | −0.351 ** |
Control | −0.226 * | −0.181 * | −0.344 ** |
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Chaurasia, S.; Kumar, A.; Singh, A.K. Comprehensive Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Ionic Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress. Agriculture 2022, 12, 1765. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111765
Chaurasia S, Kumar A, Singh AK. Comprehensive Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Ionic Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress. Agriculture. 2022; 12(11):1765. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111765
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaurasia, Shiksha, Arvind Kumar, and Amit Kumar Singh. 2022. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Ionic Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress" Agriculture 12, no. 11: 1765. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111765