Natural Resource Dependence of Communities around the Giant Panda Protected Land Based on Livelihood Capital
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Overview and Data Sources
3. Livelihood Capital
3.1. Index
3.2. Weight of Indexes
3.3. Farmers’ Livelihood Capital and Its Regional Characteristics
4. Natural Resources Dependence
4.1. Index
4.2. Degree of Natural Resources Dependence and Its Regional Characteristics
5. The Impact of Livelihood Capital on the Dependence of Natural Resources
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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County | Town | Number of Samples |
---|---|---|
JIUZHAIGOU | DALU, ZHANGZHA | 47 |
PINGWU | SIER, MUPI, BAIMA, TUCHENG | 82 |
QINGCHUAN | QINGXI, QIAOLOU | 68 |
SONGPAN | HUANGLONG, BAIYANG | 35 |
BEICHUAN | PIANKOU, MACAO, XIAOBA | 76 |
ANXIAN | QIANFO | 33 |
DUJIANGYAN | HONGKOU, LONGCHI | 58 |
LIXIAN | ZAGUNAO | 29 |
WENCHUAN | WOLONG, GENGDA, YINGXIU | 78 |
BAOXING | MUPING, YAOZI, MINZHI | 65 |
TIANQUAN | QINGSHI, YUQUAN | 32 |
SHIMIAN | LIZIPING, HUILONG | 65 |
MIANNING | YELE, DAQIAO | 59 |
LUDING | DETUO | 27 |
YINGJING | FENGYI, SIPING | 25 |
HONGYA | WAWUSHAN | 26 |
EBIAN | JUEMO, LEWU | 31 |
MEIGU | YIGUOJUE | 25 |
MABIAN | YONGHONG | 42 |
LEIBO | GUDUI, LAMI | 60 |
Total | 963 |
Category | Index | Value |
---|---|---|
Human capital (H) | Age of household head (H1) | Year |
Sex of householder (H3) | Female = 1, Male = 2 | |
Education status of householder (H2) | Year | |
Natural capital (N) | Area of cultivated land (N1) | m2 |
Area of cultivated woodland (N2) | m2 | |
Area of family residence (N3) | m2 | |
physical capital (P) | Number of electric appliances (P1) | 1 Heater = 1 EU, 1 Rice cooker = 0.5 EU,1 Washing machine = 0.3 EU, 1 Television = 0.2 EU |
Number of household transportation (P2) | 1 automobile = 1 TU,1 Tricycle = 0.8 TU,1 Motorcycle = 0.5 TU | |
Number of household communication facilities (P3) | 1 Computer = 1 CU, 1 Mobile phone = 0.5 CU,1 Telephone = 0.2 CU | |
Number of livestock (P4) | 1 cow = 1 LU, 1 sheep = 0.5 LU, 1 pig = 0.3 LU | |
Financial capital (F) | Total household income (F1) | Thousand yuan |
Household income from agriculture and Forestry (F2) | Thousand yuan | |
Other kinds of household income (F3) | Thousand yuan | |
Social capital (S) | The number of businesspeople in the family (S1) | Person |
Someone in the family is the village manager (S2) | 0 = None, 1 = Now, 0.5 = Once | |
Whether to participate in the publicity or training of the protection management department (S3) | Yes = 1, No = 0 |
Category | Index | Weight | Formula |
---|---|---|---|
H | H1 | 0.0628 | 0.0628 × H1 + 0.0531 × H2 + 0.0906 × H3 |
H2 | 0.0531 | ||
H3 | 0.0906 | ||
N | N1 | 0.0825 | 0.0825 × N1 + 0.0387 × N2 + 0.0415 × N3 |
N2 | 0.0387 | ||
N3 | 0.0415 | ||
P | P1 | 0.0823 | 0.0823 × P1 + 0.0651 × P2 + 0.0876 × P3 + 0.0521 × P4 |
P2 | 0.0651 | ||
P3 | 0.0876 | ||
P4 | 0.0521 | ||
F | F1 | 0.0935 | 0.0935 × F1 + 0.0687 × F2 + 0.0935 × F3 |
F2 | 0.0687 | ||
F3 | 0.0209 | ||
S | S1 | 0.0765 | 0.0765 × S1 + 0.0473 × S2 + 0.0601 × S3 |
S2 | 0.0473 | ||
S3 | 0.0601 |
Mountain | H | N | P | F | S | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minshan | 0.115 | 0.161 | 0.123 | 0.116 | 0.075 | 0.590 |
Qionglai | 0.117 | 0.152 | 0.118 | 0.105 | 0.067 | 0.559 |
Daxiangling | 0.106 | 0.143 | 0.093 | 0.082 | 0.051 | 0.475 |
Xiaoxiangling | 0.098 | 0.125 | 0.105 | 0.096 | 0.048 | 0.472 |
Liangshan | 0.085 | 0.117 | 0.102 | 0.073 | 0.039 | 0.416 |
Items | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Maximum Value | Minimum Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Annual income from planting industry (Yuan/Person) | 1220.51 | 901.32 | 3216.50 | 100 |
Annual income from breeding industry (Yuan/Person) | 654.39 | 3027.17 | 5019 | 0 |
Annual income from forestry (Yuan/Person) | 309.21 | 5011.92 | 7329.30 | 0 |
Annual income from self-employed business (Yuan/Person) | 879.03 | 1275.12 | 3563 | 0 |
Annual income from fiscal transfer (Yuan/Person) | 301.20 | 623.29 | 1092.11 | 150 |
Annual income from property (Yuan/Person) | 192.10 | 802.18 | 1945 | 0 |
Annual income from work outside (Yuan/Person) | 537.86 | 1753.22 | 2109 | 0 |
Annual income from natural resources (Yuan/Person) | 2024.45 | 542.02 | 5913.37 | 0 |
Gross income (Yuan/Person) | 6007.30 | 1608.37 | 18,645.00 | 1134.76 |
Income dependence (%) | 27.91 | 36.67 | 1 | 0 |
Self-sufficient food (Yuan/Person) | 1218.75 | 1032.79 | 2732.63 | 0 |
Expenditure for food (Yuan/Person) | 2537.59 | 2122.38 | 4832.63 | 0 |
Food dependence (%) | 46.32 | 35.98 | 98.64 | 6.14 |
Firewood (Yuan/Person) | 178.49 | 110.55 | 607.51 | 0 |
Expenditure for energy (Yuan/Person) | 421.36 | 256.09 | 1531.27 | 0 |
Energy dependence (%) | 37.67 | 42.73 | 87.51 | 0 |
Mountain | ID | FD | ED |
---|---|---|---|
Minshan | 21.35 | 40.22 | 32.16 |
Qionglai | 29.56 | 31.98 | 35.73 |
Daxiangling | 32.15 | 49.52 | 41.32 |
Xiaoxiangling | 37.42 | 52.69 | 39.26 |
Liangshan | 40.11 | 51.43 | 42.58 |
Control Variable | Model I | Model II | Model III | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (Standard Deviation) | T-Value | Coefficient (Standard Deviation) | T-Value | Coefficient (Standard Deviation) | T-Value | |
H | −0.291 * (0.215) | 0.76 | −0.359 ** (0.205) | 2.13 | −0.264 (0.234) | −1.25 |
N | 0.301 *** (0.125) | 1.69 | 0.095 (0.228) | 0.27 | 0.451 ** (0.234) | 1.93 |
P | 0.359 (0.268) | −1.34 | 0.021 (0.425) | −0.05 | −0.159 (0.241) | −0.86 |
F | −0.337 ** (0.151) | −2.23 | −0.018 (0.234) | 0.08 | −0.261 (0.215) | −2.27 |
S | −0.217 (0.185) | −0.68 | −0.609 ** (0.281) | 2.19 | −0.376 *** (0.183) | −1.30 |
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Liu, M.; Qin, Q.; Zou, Q.; Wang, Y.; Wen, Y. Natural Resource Dependence of Communities around the Giant Panda Protected Land Based on Livelihood Capital. Agriculture 2021, 11, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111123
Liu M, Qin Q, Zou Q, Wang Y, Wen Y. Natural Resource Dependence of Communities around the Giant Panda Protected Land Based on Livelihood Capital. Agriculture. 2021; 11(11):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111123
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Mengjie, Qing Qin, Qingchi Zou, Yue Wang, and Yali Wen. 2021. "Natural Resource Dependence of Communities around the Giant Panda Protected Land Based on Livelihood Capital" Agriculture 11, no. 11: 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111123