Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nursery
2.2. The Hydroponic System
2.3. Transplanting and Treatments
2.4. Morphometrics
2.5. Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies
2.6. Physiological Characteristics
2.7. Growth Parameters
2.8. Dry Matter Partitioning
2.9. Yield Component and Crop Productivity
2.10. Fruit Quality
2.11. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphometrics
3.2. Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies
3.3. Physiological Characteristics
3.4. Growth Parameters
3.5. Dry Matter Partitioning
3.6. Yield Components and Crop Productivity
3.7. Fruit Quality
4. Discussion
4.1. Morphometrics
4.2. Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies
4.3. Growth Parameters
4.4. Yield and Yield Components
4.5. Fruit Quality
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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a. Plant height (cm) | Days after transplanting | |||
Cultivar | 14 | 28 | 42 | 56 |
Jaguar | 60.2 | 106.9 | 128.9 | 135 |
Momotaro York | 62.1 | 110.9 | 136.7 | 159.4 |
LSD0.05 | 2.5 | 4.85 | 13.66 | 21.9 |
b. Girth (mm) | ||||
Cultivar | ||||
Jaguar | 8.4 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 12 |
Momotaro York | 9.7 | 11.1 | 12.9 | 13.9 |
LSD0.05 | 1.99 | 1 | 1.03 | 2.69 |
c. Leaf number | ||||
Cultivar | ||||
Jaguar | 10.5 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 17.2 |
Momotaro York | 11.7 | 15.6 | 19.5 | 21.1 |
LSD0.05 | 1.58 | 1.61 | 1.88 | 0.25 |
d. SPAD | ||||
Cultivar | ||||
Jaguar | 45.4 | 47.9 | 49.9 | 51.7 |
Momotaro York | 44.3 | 48.3 | 50.3 | 52 |
LSD0.05 | 2.28 | 2.74 | 2.7 | 2 |
Cultivar | Fruit Weight (kg plant−1) | WUE (kg kg−1) | NUE (kg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
Jaguar | 0.658 | 0.033 | 221.1 |
Momotaro York | 0.353 | 0.015 | 111.9 |
LSD0.05 | 0.116 | 0.004 | 34.9 |
Cultivar | Photosynthesis (µmol cm−2 s−1) | Conductance (mol cm−2 s−1) | Transpiration (mmol cm−2.s−1) |
---|---|---|---|
Jaguar | 14.8 | 0.59 | 5.7 |
Momotaro | 13.5 | 0.44 | 4.9 |
LSD0.05 | 7.06 | 0.313 | 1.99 |
Days after Transplanting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth/DM | 14 | 28 | 42 | 56 | 140 | |
Leaf area (m2) | Jaguar | 12.8 | 16.5 | 23.1 | 25.9 | 31.7 |
Momotaro | 14.7 | 24.1 | 27.3 | 36.1 | 48.2 | |
LSD0.05 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 3.1 | |
Plant DM (g plant−1) | Jaguar | 16.6 | 31.5 | 68.9 | 88.3 | 215.5 |
Momotaro | 15.6 | 32.3 | 69.3 | 98.5 | 214.3 | |
LSD0.05 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 40.2 | |
Leaf DM (g plant−1) | Jaguar | 6.2 | 12.7 | 16.2 | 19.7 | 41.6 |
Momotaro | 6.4 | 14.5 | 18.9 | 23.5 | 52.2 | |
LSD0.05 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 9.9 | |
Stem DM (g plant−1) | Jaguar | 2.8 | 7.3 | 10.1 | 12.7 | 19.9 |
Momotaro | 3.1 | 8.7 | 13.4 | 14.8 | 28.9 | |
LSD0.05 | 0.42 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.1 | |
Root DM (g plant−1) | Jaguar | 7.6 | 11.6 | 16.6 | 14.6 | 32.9 |
Momotaro | 6 | 9.1 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 32 | |
LSD0.05 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 4 | 3.3 | 9.8 | |
Root tissue density (g cm−3) | Jaguar | 0.16 | ||||
Momotaro | 0.18 | |||||
LSD0.05 | 0.006 | |||||
DMFr (g plant−1) | Jaguar | 25.8 | 40.7 | 119.2 | ||
Momotaro | 23.0 | 46 | 99.6 | |||
LSD0.05 | 0.24 | 12.7 | 25.4 | |||
Root/Shoot ratio (g g−1) | Jaguar | 0.84 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.56 |
Momotaro | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.39 | |
LSD0.05 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.07 | |
RGR (g g−1 d−1) | Jaguar | 0.046 | 0.056 | 0.018 | 0.0064 | |
Momotaro | 0.052 | 0.055 | 0.025 | 0.0056 | ||
LSD0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.0045 | 0.0021 | ||
NAR (g m−2 d−1) | Jaguar | 0.073 | 0.14. | 0.057 | 0.032 | |
Momotaro | 0.063 | 0.1 | 0.067 | 0.019 | ||
LSD0.05 | 0.05 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.01 |
Cultivar | DTF | DTFr | Fruit Number per Plant | Fruit Weight (kg plant−1) | Yield per Area (kg m−2) | Crop Productivity (g g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jaguar | 11 | 17 | 15.8 | 2.5 | 9.6 | 1.4 |
Momotaro | 14 | 22 | 16.2 | 2.6 | 10 | 1.3 |
LSD0.05 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 7.01 | 0.6 | 2.12 | 0.25 |
Cultivar | Total Soluble Solids (%Brix) | Titratable Acidity (g L−1) | TSS/TA Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Jaguar | 5.4 | 0.36 | 15.1 |
Momotaro | 6.5 | 0.42 | 15.5 |
LSD0.05 | 0.43 | 0.075 | 2.13 |
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Williams Ayarna, A.; Tsukagoshi, S.; Oduro Nkansah, G.; Lu, N.; Maeda, K. Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System. Agriculture 2020, 10, 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070252
Williams Ayarna A, Tsukagoshi S, Oduro Nkansah G, Lu N, Maeda K. Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System. Agriculture. 2020; 10(7):252. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070252
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliams Ayarna, Alex, Satoru Tsukagoshi, George Oduro Nkansah, Na Lu, and Kazuya Maeda. 2020. "Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System" Agriculture 10, no. 7: 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070252