Association between Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Common Data Model Cohort Study in Asian Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Patient Selection
2.3. Outcomes and Other Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Risk of NMSC Associated with HCTZ Use
3.3. Additional Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Center | PSM | Case | Subjects | Skin Cancer | Incident Density * | NMSC | Incident Density * | MSC | Incident Density * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNU | Before | Never use | 198,173 | 366 | 27.1 | 296 | 21.9 | 70 | 5.2 |
Ever use 1 | 47,557 | 119 | 30.3 | 97 | 24.7 | 22 | 5.6 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 7435 | 12 | 21.4 | 9 | 16.0 | 3 | 5.4 | ||
After | Never use | 47,557 | 107 | 31.3 | 89 | 26.1 | 18 | 5.3 | |
Ever use 1 | 47,557 | 119 | 30.3 | 97 | 24.7 | 22 | 5.6 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 7435 | 12 | 21.4 | 9 | 16.0 | 3 | 5.4 | ||
SNUB | Before | Never use | 57,270 | 134 | 39.3 | 124 | 36.4 | 10 | 2.9 |
Ever use 1 | 36,784 | 127 | 44.2 | 120 | 41.7 | 7 | 2.4 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 14,331 | 42 | 38.3 | 41 | 37.4 | 1 | 0.9 | ||
After | Never use | 36,784 | 93 | 42.0 | 85 | 38.4 | 8 | 3.6 | |
Ever use 1 | 36,784 | 127 | 44.2 | 120 | 41.7 | 7 | 2.4 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 14,331 | 42 | 38.3 | 41 | 37.4 | 1 | 0.9 | ||
ASAN | Before | Never use | 262,306 | 458 | 24.2 | 413 | 21.8 | 45 | 2.4 |
Ever use 1 | 65,258 | 131 | 25.6 | 112 | 21.9 | 19 | 3.7 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 11,998 | 16 | 18.0 | 10 | 11.2 | 6 | 6.8 | ||
After | Never use | 36,784 | 93 | 42.0 | 85 | 38.4 | 8 | 3.6 | |
Ever use 1 | 36,784 | 127 | 44.2 | 120 | 41.7 | 7 | 2.4 | ||
HCTZ-only use 2 | 14,331 | 42 | 38.3 | 41 | 37.4 | 1 | 0.9 |
SNU | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before Matching | After Matching | |||||
Never Use | Ever Use 1 | Never Use | Ever Use 1 | |||
N (%) | N (%) | SMD 2 | N (%) | N (%) | SMD 2 | |
Age, Mean (SD) | 50.60 (16.0) | 51.36 (15.7) | 0.048 | 51.35 (15.6) | 51.36 (15.7) | <0.001 |
Female | 112,452 (56.7) | 27,111 (57.0) | 0.005 | 27,275 (57.4) | 27,111 (57.0) | 0.007 |
CCI | 0.271 | 0.008 | ||||
0 | 84,327 (42.6) | 15,553 (32.7) | 15,375 (32.3) | 15,553 (32.7) | ||
1 | 68,293 (34.5) | 15,618 (32.8) | 15,666 (32.9) | 15,618 (32.8) | ||
≥2 | 45,553 (23.0) | 16,386 (34.5) | 16,516 (34.7) | 16,386 (34.5) | ||
Disease history | ||||||
Diabetes | 43,360 (21.9) | 17,911 (37.7) | 0.350 | 17,901 (37.6) | 17,911 (37.7) | <0.001 |
COPD | 13,266 (6.7) | 5070 (10.7) | 0.141 | 4747 (10.0) | 5070 (10.7) | 0.022 |
Drug use | ||||||
Aspirin | 50,255 (25.4) | 22,542 (47.4) | 0.471 | 22,573 (47.5) | 22,542 (47.4) | 0.001 |
NSAIDS | 70,329 (35.5) | 17,181 (36.1) | 0.013 | 16,831 (35.4) | 17,181 (36.1) | 0.015 |
Statins | 52,885 (26.7) | 21,434 (45.1) | 0.391 | 21,535 (45.3) | 21,434 (45.1) | 0.004 |
ASAN | ||||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 59.15 (13.13) | 62.66 (11.78) | 0.281 | 62.69 (11.73) | 62.66 (11.78) | 0.003 |
Female | 119,243 (45.5) | 32,207 (49.4) | 0.078 | 32,177 (49.3) | 32,207 (49.4) | 0.001 |
CCI | 0.169 | 0.004 | ||||
0 | 99,225 (37.8) | 19,793 (30.3) | 19,684 (30.2) | 19,793 (30.3) | ||
1 | 73,747 (28.1) | 18,962 (29.1) | 18,947 (29.0) | 18,962 (29.1) | ||
≥2 | 89,334 (34.1) | 26,503 (40.6) | 26,627 (40.8) | 26,503 (40.6) | ||
Disease history | ||||||
Diabetes | 65,625 (25.0) | 21,033 (32.2) | 0.160 | 21,076 (32.3) | 21,033 (32.2) | 0.001 |
COPD | 18,120 (6.9) | 5831 (8.9) | 0.075 | 5583 (8.6) | 5831 (8.9) | 0.013 |
Drug use | ||||||
Aspirin | 79,195 (30.2) | 24,217 (37.1) | 0.147 | 24,075 (36.9) | 24,217 (37.1) | 0.005 |
NSAIDS | 100,020 (38.1) | 33,107 (50.7) | 0.256 | 33,064 (50.7) | 33,107 (50.7) | 0.001 |
Statins | 89,715 (34.2) | 27,593 (42.3) | 0.167 | 27,615 (42.3) | 27,593 (42.3) | 0.001 |
SNUB | ||||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 61.37 (13.69) | 63.43 (13.07) | 0.154 | 63.52 (13.18) | 63.43 (13.07) | 0.007 |
Female | 25,276 (44.1) | 19,379 (52.7) | 0.172 | 19,506 (53.0) | 19,379 (52.7) | 0.007 |
CCI | 0.095 | 0.019 | ||||
0 | 18,669 (32.6) | 11,760 (32.0) | 12,066 (32.8) | 11,760 (32.0) | ||
1 | 21,802 (38.1) | 12,713 (34.6) | 12,637 (34.4) | 12,713 (34.6) | ||
≥2 | 16,799 (29.3) | 12,311 (33.5) | 12,081 (32.8) | 12,311 (33.5) | ||
Disease history | ||||||
Diabetes | 16,872 (29.5) | 11,467 (31.2) | 0.037 | 11,174 (30.4) | 11,467 (31.2) | 0.017 |
COPD | 2011 (3.5) | 1459 (4.0) | 0.024 | 1308 (3.6) | 1459 (4.0) | 0.022 |
Drug use | ||||||
Aspirin | 27,751 (48.5) | 19,150 (52.1) | 0.072 | 18,773 (51.0) | 19,150 (52.1) | 0.021 |
NSAIDS | 4300 (7.5) | 3347 (9.1) | 0.058 | 2972 (8.1) | 3347 (9.1) | 0.036 |
Statins | 13,666 (23.9) | 8420 (22.9) | 0.023 | 8078 (22.0) | 8420 (22.9) | 0.022 |
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Lee, S.M.; Kim, K.; Yoon, J.; Park, S.K.; Moon, S.; Lee, S.E.; Oh, J.; Yoo, S.; Kim, K.-I.; Yoon, H.-J.; et al. Association between Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Common Data Model Cohort Study in Asian Population. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092910
Lee SM, Kim K, Yoon J, Park SK, Moon S, Lee SE, Oh J, Yoo S, Kim K-I, Yoon H-J, et al. Association between Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Common Data Model Cohort Study in Asian Population. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092910
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Seung Min, Kwangsoo Kim, Jihoon Yoon, Sue K. Park, Sungji Moon, Sang Eun Lee, JiSeon Oh, Sooyoung Yoo, Kwang-Il Kim, Hyung-Jin Yoon, and et al. 2020. "Association between Use of Hydrochlorothiazide and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Common Data Model Cohort Study in Asian Population" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092910