Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on the Complement System of Proteins in Healthy Young Males
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Protocols
2.3. Blood Testing
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Younger Group (n = 39) | Older Group (n = 12) | pMW 1 |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 16 (15–17) | 19 (18–21) | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 180 (177–185) | 182 (180–184) | 0.189 |
Weight (kg) | 70.2 (64.0–75.3) | 77.3 (72.9–79.2) | 0.010 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 (20.0–22.7) | 22.6 (21.9–23.9) | 0.008 |
BMR (kJ) | 8004 (7636–8933) | 8771 (8219–9016) | 0.229 |
Fat (%) | 12.5 (9.5–14.6) | 8.6 (6.5–12.7) | 0.060 |
Fat mass (kg) | 8.6 (6.2–9.9) | 6.5 (4.6–9.4) | 0.296 |
FFM (kg) | 59.9 (55.6–66.4) | 67.4 (64.4–69.8) | 0.010 |
TBW (kg) | 43.9 (40.7–48.6) | 49.3 (47.1–51.1) | 0.011 |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 54.62 (51.46–57.78) | 57.78 (53.04–57.78) | 0.256 |
Test Result | Younger Group (n = 39) | Older Group (n = 12) | pMW 1 |
---|---|---|---|
Beep decimal score | 12.7 (10.1–15.3) | 13.7 (10.7–15.0) | 0.257 |
RSA mean score (s) | 3.28 (3.12–3.55) | 3.22 (3.10–3.37) | 0.271 |
Variable | Younger Group (n = 39) | Older Group (n = 12) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beep Test | RSA Test | Beep Test | RSA Test | ||
Corrected TP (g/L) | pF 1 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.338 | 0.002 |
pre-test | 66.3 (64.2–68.6) | 69.7 aa (67.7–72.1) | 66.6 (64.2–68.2) | 70.8 aa (68.9–72.8) | |
post-test | 64.4 bb (61.3–70.0) | 67.1 bbb (64.3–69.2) | 66.7 (61.5–68.2) | 65.7 b (63.0–67.6) | |
recovery | 67.5 (64.7–73.2) | 70.9 (68.1–77.0) | 68.2 (63.3–71.0) | 68.7 (66.1–72.8) | |
Δ corrected TP | Δp | 3.4 (1.9–5.0) | –2.2 (−4.7–−0.3) | −1.6 (−4.3–1.6) | −4.0 (−6.9–−2.2) |
Δr | 1.5 (−1.5–4.9) | 0.2 (−2.3–8.3) | 2.1 (−2.8–4.6) | −1.1 (−5.6–3.6) | |
Corrected albumin (g/L) | pF | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.338 | 0.009 |
pre-test | 47.3 (46.2–49.3) | 52.2 aa (49.6–54.4) | 47.5 (46.0–48.1) | 52.9 aa (51.8–55.1) | |
post-test | 46.0 bbb (42.3–48.4) | 49.7 bbb (47.7–50.7) | 46.1 (44.2–47.2) | 48.2 (46.8–49.0) | |
recovery | 50.0 c (46.5–52.1) | 52.7 (49.6–55.5) | 48.5 (44.7–50.2) | 49.5 (47.7–52.9) | |
Δ corrected albumin | Δp | −2.0 (−4.5–0.9) | −2.3 (−4.9–0.4) | −2.0 (−3.0–0.7) | −6.0 (−7.4–−2.8) |
Δr | 1.6 (−1.1–5.3) | −0.3 (−4.0–7.0) | 1.5 (−1.6–2.3) | −4.8 (−6.1–0.3) | |
Corrected CRP (mg/L) | pF | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.039 | 0.779 |
pre-test | 1.50 aaa (1.00–2.00) | 3.91 aa (3.25–4.50) | 1.15 (0.60–2.00) | 4.89 (4.26–6.16) | |
post-test | 0.32 (0.00–0.83) | 4.65 (4.08–6.85) | 1.18 b (0.84–1.71) | 5.72 (3.97–6.13) | |
recovery | 0.20 cc (0.00–1.22) | 4.39 c (2.69–7.37) | 1.94 (1.44–2.30) | 5.00 (4.53–6.25) | |
Δ corrected CRP | Δp | −1.10 (−1.80–−0.15) | 0.85 (0.04–2.56) | −0.13 (−0.50–0.43) | 0.29 (−048–0.96) |
Δr | −1.30 (−1.80–0.17) | 0.30 (0.06–2.26) | 0.72 (−0.15–1.26) | 0.09 (−1.34–1.10) | |
Corrected LA (mmol/L) | pF | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
pre-test | 3.1 aaa (2.8–3.5) | 5.3 aaa (3.0–6.2) | 3.2 aa (2.9–3.5) | 6.1 aaa (5.4–7.3) | |
post-test | 9.2 bbb (7.5–10.7) | 16.4 bbb (9.8–20.5) | 10.1 bbb (8.9–11.5) | 20.5 bbb (18.3–21.0) | |
recovery | 3.1 (2.6–3.6) | 4.2 (2.5–5.7) | 2.7 (2.5–3.4) | 5.3 (4.5–6.2) | |
Δ corrected LA | Δp | 6.1 (4.4–7.6) | 10.4 (6.9–15.7) | 7.2 (5.5–8.0) | 13.8 (11.7–15.3) |
Δr | −0.1 (−0.6–0.2) | −0.5 (−1.0–0.2) | −0.3 (−0.7–−0.1) | −0.6 (−1.3–−0.2) |
Variable | Younger Group (n = 39) | Older Group (n = 12) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beep Test | RSA Test | Beep Test | RSA Test | ||
Corrected C2 (ng/mL) | pF 1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.097 |
pre-test | 8.86 (7.69–9.87) | 7.25 a (6.06–8.36) | 9.57 (7.92–10.31) | 7.57 (6.57–8.12) | |
post-test | 8.80 bbb (8.08–9.62) | 6.05 bbb (5.22–8.12) | 8.51 bb (7.82–9.52) | 7.00 (6.09–8.08) | |
recovery | 9.88 cc (8.92–11.21) | 7.95 (6.27–10.0) | 11.33 cc (9.53–13.07) | 8.60 (6.92–9.16) | |
Δ corrected C2 | Δp | −0.04 (−0.70–0.68) | −0.81 (−1.67–0.16) | −0.23 (−2.01–0.64) | −0.44 (−2.05–0.31) |
Δr | 1.20 (−0.09–2.39) | 0.40 (−0.53–1.73) | 1.64 (0.43–2.67) | 0.45 (−0.38–1.23) | |
Corrected C3 (mg/dL) | pF | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.920 |
pre-test | 114.2 aaa (80.8–156.3) | 85.0 (74.6–98.6) | 192.7 aaa (189.0–212.9) | 79.6 (66.0–99.4) | |
post-test | 86.0 b (62.3–111.3) | 74.0 bb (61.6–93.5) | 100.0 (68.7–126.2) | 85.0 (68.4–88.1) | |
recovery | 92.9 (74.8–118.6) | 91.4 (73.0–103.0) | 110.8 cc (98.2–123.5) | 81.2 (67.9–88.3) | |
Δ corrected C3 | Δp | −22.8 (−66.5–7.7) | −8.8 (−16.3–0.6) | −102.2 (−118.5–−76.7) | 0.7 (−9.4–6.1) |
Δr | −15.4 (−46.2–9.1) | 3.2 (−6.6–14.6) | –89.3 (−110.1–−66.1) | −0.3 (−9.1–4.9) | |
Corrected C3a (ng/mL) | pF | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.174 |
pre-test | 0.26 aaa (0.20–0.35) | 0.27 (0.19–0.36) | 0.22 aa (0.19–0.27) | 0.27 (0.22–0.35) | |
post-test | 0.43 bbb (0.36–0.56) | 0.27 bbb (0.16–0.35) | 0.39 (0.32–0.46) | 0.20 (0.14–0.31) | |
recovery | 0.31 (0.22–0.40) | 0.35 c (0.27–0.43) | 0.37 (0.25–0.42) | 0.32 (0.26–0.36) | |
Δ corrected C3a | Δp | 0.19 (0.10–0.27) | −0.04 (−0.09–0.03) | 0.15 (0.08–0.21) | −0.04 (−0.10–0.02) |
Δr | 0.03 (−0.06–0.13) | 0.05 (0.02–0.18) | 0.10 (−0.03–0.21) | 0.02 (−0.02–0.06) | |
Corrected iC3b (mg/mL) | pF | 0.001 | 0.855 | 0.006 | 0.174 |
pre-test | 0.70 (0.66–0.87) | 0.37 (0.30–0.60) | 0.63 (0.54–0.76) | 0.46 (0.28–0.58) | |
post-test | 0.80 (0.71–0.93) | 0.35 (0.24–0.45) | 0.77 b (0.44–0.90) | 0.36 (0.29–0.47) | |
recovery | 0.95 ccc (0.76–1.07) | 0.37 (0.30–0.54) | 0.94 c (0.92–1.04) | 0.39 (0.28–0.44) | |
Δ corrected iC3b | Δp | 0.10 (−0.03–0.18) | −0.05 (−0.23–0.08) | 0.02 (−0.09–0.22) | −0.07 (−0.15–0.06) |
Δr | 0.21 (−0.02–0.31) | 0.05 (−0.07–0.15) | 0.34 (0.19–0.43) | −0.08 (−0.16–−0.01) | |
Corrected C4 (mg/dL) | pF | 0.022 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
pre-test | 9.64 a (5.22–13.80) | 5.31 aaa (2.13–7.84) | 3.33 aa (2.80–8.46) | 8.91 aa (4.75–11.93) | |
post-test | 10.21 (7.33–15.72) | 2.89 bb (0.45–6.07) | 8.62 (6.20–10.17) | 6.13 (2.45–9.30) | |
recovery | 10.10 (7.24–15.30) | 4.35 (1.51–6.93) | 9.40 ccc (5.50–13.55) | 9.03 (4.04–12.08) | |
Δ corrected C4 | Δp | 1.73 (−1.20–4.77) | −1.87 (−2.99–−1.22) | 2.87 (1.81–5.88) | −2.11 (−3.10–−1.56) |
Δr | 0.14 (−2.79–4.26) | –0.65 (−2.71–0.74) | 4.70 (1.62–6.91) | −0.80 (−1.88–0.77) |
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Kostrzewa-Nowak, D.; Kubaszewska, J.; Nowakowska, A.; Nowak, R. Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on the Complement System of Proteins in Healthy Young Males. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082357
Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Kubaszewska J, Nowakowska A, Nowak R. Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on the Complement System of Proteins in Healthy Young Males. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8):2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082357
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota, Joanna Kubaszewska, Anna Nowakowska, and Robert Nowak. 2020. "Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on the Complement System of Proteins in Healthy Young Males" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2357. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082357