The Rolf Method of Structural Integration and Pelvic Floor Muscle Facilitation: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Interventional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Clinical Implications
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Session | Intervention |
---|---|
1 | Increase length and pliability of fascial tissue (FT) on the anterior aspect of the trunk, allowing freer respiratory movement of ribs, and of FT connecting shoulder girdle to rib cage and hips to the pelvis. |
2 | Increase consistency of FT pliability in feet, ankles, and knees, increasing the support they provide for the upper body. |
3 | Increase anterior–posterior and cephalic–caudal pliability in FT of the lateral side of the body and left/right and anterior/posterior balance; increase the independence of the thorax from the pelvis. |
4 | Increase pliability, left/right, and anterior/posterior balance of FT of the medial aspect of legs and pelvic floor. |
5 | Increase pliability and left/right and surface to deep balance in FT comprising the anterior aspect of the pelvis and lumbar spine. |
6 | Increase pliability and left/right and surface to deep balance in FT comprising posterior aspect from heel to back. |
7 | Increase pliability and left/right and anterior/posterior balance in FT of the cranium and cervical spine. |
8 | Increase fascial tissue pliability and left/right balance in the hands, wrists, elbows, and arms; increase biomechanical flow between upper extremities and spine. |
9 | Increase fascial tissue pliability comprising the lower extremities through hips and pelvis; increase biomechanical flow between lower extremities and spine. |
10 | Optimize biomechanical flow through extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdles to spine; increase overall uniformity of tonus. |
Participant’s Position | The Therapist |
---|---|
Supine, flexion of hip and knee joints. | Gave verbal instructions regarding the insertion of the endovaginal probe, and the command “contract the muscles around the electrode in your body as much as possible and lift, then completely relax”. These activities were supposed to be an isolated contraction, while the adductors, abdominals, glutes, and extensor muscles of the back were kept relaxed. According to Bø et al. [26], the inability to perform an isolated PFM contraction, for example, without engaging the synergists, may mask the shift in this muscle group and its strength, which in turn translates into lower exercise potential. We recorded the surface electromyography signal when (1) each participant was sure how to contract and relax the PFMs as much as possible without any feedback from the therapist; (2) the sEMG amplitude evaluated was not increased too much, decreased, or absent (an elevated amplitude during resting/baseline activity implies that a muscle has insufficient possibilities for rest); (3) the timing patterns of muscle activity were not too early, late, or asynchronous; (4) the PFM contractions were isolated from synergistic muscles [24]; or (5) the participant stopped breathing or performed a pelvic tilt or straining during the PFM contraction [27]. The sEMG measurement was recorded without eye control (without visualization of sEMG activity on the monitor screen) and with eye control for each participant. As a result, all participants had the same preparation time to achieve muscle control in this region of the body. |
Variables | SI Group (n = 20) | Control Group (n = 13) | p-Value | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Me | Min | Max | Q1 | Q3 | SD | Me | Min | Max | Q1 | Q3 | SD | ||||
Age (years) | 27 | 24 | 21 | 38 | 23 | 29 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 32 | 23 | 24 | 3 | 0.14 * |
Height (cm) | 164 | 164 | 154 | 175 | 159 | 167 | 5 | 159 | 158 | 146 | 174 | 156 | 161 | 7 | 0.43 * |
Weight (kg) | 60 | 61 | 53 | 74 | 54 | 63 | 6 | 57 | 56 | 47 | 63 | 55 | 60 | 5 | 0.43 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 | 21.3 | 18.6 | 29.4 | 20.6 | 22.4 | 2.3 | 22.6 | 22.3 | 20.0 | 25.4 | 22.0 | 23.6 | 1.4 | 0.09 * |
sEMG Activity of PFMs (µV) | Measurement | SI Group | Control Group | p-Value 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Me | Q1–Q3 | Me | Q1–Q3 | |||
Pre-Baseline Rest | Before | 2.5 | 1.7–3.2 | 1.5 | 1.5–2.8 | 0.98 |
After | 2.1 | 1.1–3.2 | 1.5 | 1.3–2.0 | 0.99 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.014 | 0.17 | ||||
Phasic Contraction | Before | 9.3 | 6.1–10.0 | 6.9 | 4.4–10.2 | 0.50 |
After | 9.6 | 6.9–11.7 | 6.5 | 3.2–9.9 | 0.037 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.16 | 0.13 | ||||
Tonic Contraction | Before | 9.0 | 6.3–11.7 | 6.9 | 4.0–10.9 | 0.29 |
After | 9.4 | 7.6–12.0 | 5.5 | 3.5–13.2 | 0.15 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.25 | 0.97 | ||||
Rest after Tonic Contraction | Before | 3.1 | 2.3–3.9 | 1.7 | 1.4–3.4 | 0.12 |
After | 2.6 | 1.9–3.6 | 1.4 | 1.2–2.5 | 0.12 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.021 | 0.10 | ||||
Isometric Contraction | Before | 8.6 | 6.4–10.3 | 5.9 | 4.8–11.3 | 0.35 |
After | 10.0 | 7.4–12.2 | 5.9 | 2.6–8.6 | 0.06 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.33 | 0.13 | ||||
Post-Baseline Rest | Before | 2.6 | 1.8–3.1 | 1.5 | 1.4–2.6 | 0.15 |
After | 2.3 | 1.5–2.7 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.3 | 0.14 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.18 | 0.60 |
sEMG Activity of PFMs (µV) | Measurement | SI Group | Control Group | p-Value 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Me | Q1–Q3 | Me | Q1–Q3 | |||
Pre-Baseline Rest | Before | 4.5 | 3.3–5.8 | 4.4 | 3.7–5.3 | 0.93 |
After | 5.3 | 4.2–7.2 | 4.0 | 3.9–4.8 | 0.028 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.30 | 0.75 | ||||
Phasic Contraction | Before | 8.2 | 7.2–10.0 | 10.4 | 8.8–15.3 | 0.037 |
After | 10.7 | 8.3–16.7 | 10.2 | 8.0–14.8 | 0.78 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.014 | 0.46 | ||||
Tonic Contraction | Before | 8.6 | 6.8–12.2 | 9.2 | 6.5–13.8 | 0.41 |
After | 10.4 | 7.8–12.8 | 10.9 | 6.9–14.2 | 0.87 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.08 | 0.98 | ||||
Rest after Tonic Contraction | Before | 4.4 | 3.5–5.7 | 4.5 | 3.7–6.5 | 0.99 |
After | 4.7 | 3.6–6.1 | 3.8 | 3.6–4.6 | 0.21 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.97 | 0.051 | ||||
Isometric Contraction | Before | 9.0 | 5.2–12.1 | 8.2 | 6.8–11.7 | 0.63 |
After | 9.4 | 6.7–11.7 | 8.9 | 8.0–11.3 | 0.96 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.22 | 0.42 | ||||
Post-Baseline Rest | Before | 4.0 | 2.5–6.1 | 3.8 | 3.1–5.9 | 0.84 |
After | 4.7 | 3.1–6.0 | 3.9 | 2.9–4.2 | 0.15 | |
p-Value 2 | 0.79 | 0.34 |
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Kasper-Jędrzejewska, M.; Jędrzejewski, G.; Ptaszkowska, L.; Ptaszkowski, K.; Schleip, R.; Halski, T. The Rolf Method of Structural Integration and Pelvic Floor Muscle Facilitation: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Interventional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3981. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123981
Kasper-Jędrzejewska M, Jędrzejewski G, Ptaszkowska L, Ptaszkowski K, Schleip R, Halski T. The Rolf Method of Structural Integration and Pelvic Floor Muscle Facilitation: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Interventional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(12):3981. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123981
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasper-Jędrzejewska, Martyna, Grzegorz Jędrzejewski, Lucyna Ptaszkowska, Kuba Ptaszkowski, Robert Schleip, and Tomasz Halski. 2020. "The Rolf Method of Structural Integration and Pelvic Floor Muscle Facilitation: Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Interventional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12: 3981. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123981