Benefits of Physiotherapy on Urinary Incontinence in High-Performance Female Athletes. Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Groups
2.2. Variables Studied
- (a)
- Type of study. The following types were distinguished: clinical case, bibliographic review, cross-sectional, cross-sectional plus case-control, meta-analysis, randomized trial.
- (b)
- Number of individuals participating in each study.
- (c)
- Age.
- (d)
- Proportion of urinary incontinence described in athletes.
- (e)
- Type of sport.
- (f)
- Type of urinary incontinence (UI). The following types were noted: general UI, stress UI (SUI), urge UI (UUI), mixed UI (MUI). For greater rigor in the typification of the class of urinary incontinence registered in the articles, we differentiated between type of incontinence not provided (NP), from that specified as general incontinence: general UI.
- (g)
- Aspect under investigation in the article. The following study objects were identified: prevalence, response to treatment and etiopathogenesis.
- (h)
- Response to physiotherapy treatment. The following responses to physiotherapy were noted: investigated; not investigated. We assessed whether the response to physiotherapy treatment was superior to no physiotherapy treatment. The following responses to physiotherapy treatment were noted: not expressed; expressed and not superior; expressed and superior.
- (i)
- Diseases or concomitant health conditions. The following were identified: No concomitant disease; family history of UI, cold environment, embarrassment about urinary incontinence, pregnancy, lower plantar flexibility, eating disorders, constipation, history of urinary tract infections (UTI), levator ani muscle spasm, multiple conditions (family history of UI, constipation plus history of UTI). Cold environment means that the sport is practiced in a cold environment with a low temperature; it is not a disease, as in the case of no concomitant disease. Therefore, cold environment is just a concomitant condition.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Issues
2.5. Conflicts of Interest
2.6. Financing
3. Results
Response to Physiotherapy Treatment: Meta-Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PT | Physiotherapy |
ICS | International Continence Society |
UTI | Urinary tract infection |
UI | Urinary incontinence |
SUI | Stress urinary incontinence |
MUI | Mixed urinary incontinence |
UUI | Urge urinary incontinence |
PF | Pelvic floor |
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Variable | Group | Mean | SD | Median | Range | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | G1 | 23.37 | 3.32 | 22.00 | 19.00–29.49 | 0.8000 |
G2 | 22.35 | 2.94 | 21.35 | 19.90–26.61 | ||
G3 | 22.18 | 1.91 | 22.00 | 18.00–25.00 | ||
Number of athletes studied | G1 | 470.91 | 517.04 | 150.50 | 24–1263 | 0.2470 |
G2 | 146.67 | 78.83 | 144.00 | 57–291 | ||
G3 | 153.28 | 114.43 | 144.00 | 1–331 | ||
Number of control women | G1 | 116.36 | 195.96 | 22.00 | 0.00–765.00 | 0.3840 |
G2 | 25.83 | 42.47 | 0.00 | 0.00–100.00 | ||
G3 | 72.64 | 174.98 | 0.00 | 0.00–640.00 |
Variable | G1 (n = 22 *) | G2 (n = 6 *) | G3 (n = 25 *) | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Type of study | Clinical case | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16.70 | 1 | 4.00 | 0.000002 |
Review | 1 | 4.5 | 5 | 83.30 | 1 | 4.00 | ||
Transversal | 5 | 22.7 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 44.00 | ||
Case-control | 12 | 54.5 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 36.00 | ||
Meta-analysis | 4 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Randomized trial | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12.00 | ||
Type of UI | General | 8 | 36.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 8.00 | 0.0120 |
SUI | 3 | 13.60 | 3 | 50.00 | 7 | 28.00 | ||
MUI | 4 | 18.20 | 1 | 16.70 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
NP | 7 | 31.80 | 2 | 33.30 | 16 | 64.00 | ||
Study objective | Prevalence | 12 | 54.50 | 3 | 50.00 | 14 | 56.00 | 0.9600 |
Treatment | 3 | 13.60 | 1 | 16.70 | 5 | 20.00 | ||
Etiopathogenesis | 7 | 31.80 | 2 | 33.30 | 6 | 24.00 | ||
Concomitant diseases or conditions | None | 12 | 54.50 | 5 | 83.30 | 24 | 96.00 | 0.0540 |
Cold environment | 1 | 4.50 | 1 | 16.70 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Embarrassment due to UI | 1 | 4.50 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Pregnancy | 3 | 13.60 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Less flexibility | 2 | 9.10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Eating disorder | 1 | 4.50 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Muscle spasms | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.00 | ||
Multiples diagnoses | 2 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
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Share and Cite
Sorrigueta-Hernández, A.; Padilla-Fernandez, B.-Y.; Marquez-Sanchez, M.-T.; Flores-Fraile, M.-C.; Flores-Fraile, J.; Moreno-Pascual, C.; Lorenzo-Gomez, A.; Garcia-Cenador, M.-B.; Lorenzo-Gomez, M.-F. Benefits of Physiotherapy on Urinary Incontinence in High-Performance Female Athletes. Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103240
Sorrigueta-Hernández A, Padilla-Fernandez B-Y, Marquez-Sanchez M-T, Flores-Fraile M-C, Flores-Fraile J, Moreno-Pascual C, Lorenzo-Gomez A, Garcia-Cenador M-B, Lorenzo-Gomez M-F. Benefits of Physiotherapy on Urinary Incontinence in High-Performance Female Athletes. Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(10):3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103240
Chicago/Turabian StyleSorrigueta-Hernández, Alba, Barbara-Yolanda Padilla-Fernandez, Magaly-Teresa Marquez-Sanchez, Maria-Carmen Flores-Fraile, Javier Flores-Fraile, Carlos Moreno-Pascual, Anabel Lorenzo-Gomez, Maria-Begoña Garcia-Cenador, and Maria-Fernanda Lorenzo-Gomez. 2020. "Benefits of Physiotherapy on Urinary Incontinence in High-Performance Female Athletes. Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10: 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103240