Fibromyalgia-Like Syndrome Associated with Parkinson’s Disease—A Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Parkinson’s Disease and Fibromyalgia Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics approval and consent to participate
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Authors’ Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Availability of Data and Material
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All (N = 2606) | No FM (n = 2546) | FM (n = 60) | p-Value (FM vs. No FM) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first APD purchase (years) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 67.9 ± 13.7 | 68.0 ± 13.7 | 61.3 ± 12.9 | <0.001 |
Median (IQR) | 71.9 (63.4–77.2) | 72.1 (63.8–77.3) | 62.9 (55.3–70.0) | |
Female (n, %) | 1220 (46.8%) | 1167 (45.8%) | 53 (88.3%) | <0.001 |
Comorbidities (n, %) | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 841 (32.3%) | 825 (32.4%) | 16 (26.7%) | 0.35 |
Heart failure | 342 (13.1%) | 340 (13.4%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 1747 (67.0%) | 1717 (67.4%) | 30 (50.0%) | 0.005 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1060 (40.7%) | 1037 (40.7%) | 23 (38.3%) | 0.71 |
Dyslipidemia | 1554 (59.6%) | 1520 (59.7%) | 34 (56.7%) | 0.64 |
COPD | 129 (5.0%) | 128 (5.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.37 |
Depression | 559 (21.5%) | 533 (20.9%) | 26 (43.3%) | <0.001 |
Anxiety | 197 (7.6%) | 183 (7.2%) | 14 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
Dementia | 580 (22.3%) | 559 (22.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | 0.016 |
Smoking (n, %) | 519 (19.9%) | 500 (19.6%) | 19 (31.7%) | 0.02 |
Ethnicity (n, %) | ||||
Jewish | 2525 (96.9%) | 2467 (96.9%) | 58 (96.7%) | 0.92 |
Bedouin Arab | 81 (3.1%) | 79 (3.1%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
Marital Status (n, %) | ||||
Married | 1489 (57.1%) | 1462 (57.4%) | ||
Widowed | 113 (4.3%) | 112 (4.4%) | 27 (45.0%) | 0.02 |
Divorced | 58 (2.2%) | 58 (2.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
Single | 48 (1.8%) | 48 (1.9%) | ||
First to last APD purchase (years, mean ± SD) | 5.8 ± 3.9 | 5.8 ± 3.9 | 6.1 ± 4.8 | 0.63 |
Variable | All (N = 2606) | No FM (n = 2546) | FM (n = 60) | p-Value (FM vs. No FM) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of APD groups used by each patient | 0.25 | |||
Mean | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.72 | |
Median | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Opioids | 1387 (53.2%) | 1343 (52.7%) | 44 (73.3%) | 0.002 |
SSRIs | 934 (35.8%) | 902 (35.4%) | 32 (53.3%) | 0.004 |
NSAIDs | 1566 (60.1%) | 1521 (59.7%) | 45 (75%) | 0.017 |
Neuropathic pain drugs a | 433 (16.6%) | 402 (15.8%) | 31 (51.7%) | <0.001 |
Anxiolytics | 911 (35%) | 894 (35.1%) | 17 (28.3%) | 0.28 |
SNRIs b | 288 (11.1%) | 264 (10.4%) | 24 (40%) | <0.001 |
Anilides (includes Paracetamol and its combinations) | 1973 (75.7%) | 1926 (75.6%) | 47 (78.3%) | 0.63 |
Dipyrone | 1528 (58.6%) | 1484 (58.3%) | 44 (73.3%) | 0.019 |
Variable | Incident Rate Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 1.136 | (1.07 to 1.21) | <0.001 |
Fibromyalgia | 1.213 | (0.99 to 1.48) | 0.057 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 1.145 | (1.08 to 1.22) | <0.001 |
Age at first APD purchase | 1.017 | (1.01 to 1.02) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | 1.164 | (0.98 to 1.38) | 0.083 |
Depression | 1.067 | (0.99 to 1.15) | 0.076 |
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Abuhasira, R.; Zlotnik, Y.; Horev, A.; Ifergane, G. Fibromyalgia-Like Syndrome Associated with Parkinson’s Disease—A Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081118
Abuhasira R, Zlotnik Y, Horev A, Ifergane G. Fibromyalgia-Like Syndrome Associated with Parkinson’s Disease—A Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(8):1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081118
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbuhasira, Ran, Yair Zlotnik, Anat Horev, and Gal Ifergane. 2019. "Fibromyalgia-Like Syndrome Associated with Parkinson’s Disease—A Cohort Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8: 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081118