Physiotherapist Online Assessment in Patients with Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.2.1. Population
2.2.2. Index Test
2.2.3. Comparator Test
2.2.4. Primary Outcomes
2.2.5. Secondary Outcomes
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
3. Study Design
4. Selection Process
5. Data Extraction
- Research characteristics: Title, first author, publication year, study setting, study design, sample size, and diagnostic criteria for stroke.
- Population characteristics: Age range, gender/sex, comorbidity, cognition, and mobility.
- Intervention characteristics: Intervention type, delivery devices, types of platforms, mode of delivery (synchronous/asynchronous), location, duration, and results.
- Comparator intervention: usual face-to-face assessment process, location, duration, and results.
- Outcome characteristics: Validity, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, accuracy, minimal detectable change score, and measurement error study for physiotherapy assessment components. As secondary outcomes: sensorimotor impairment, balance, mobility, functional capacity, gait, motor function, grasp, grip, pinch, gross, and any other outcomes that the authors do not consider as primary clinical variables.
- Analysis method: Statistical methods used, quantitative synthesis, risk of bias, and quality assessment.
6. Methodological Quality Check
7. Statistical Analysis
8. Certainty of Evidence
9. Ethics and Dissemination
10. Discussion
11. Conclusions, Strengths, and Limitations
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- This research will be the first systematic review on the use of digital physiotherapy assessment compared to face-to-face assessment in adults with stroke.
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- This review seeks to determine the scientific evidence on the use of a digital assessment in a study of populations with a high prevalence.
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- The results may provide answers to questions and paradoxes that currently remain unresolved.
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- This review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses in order to reduce bias.
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- There may be high heterogeneity in the selected studies due to different diagnostic criteria, types of devices used, and characteristics of adults with stroke.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data to Be Extracted | Item |
---|---|
Publication ID | Title, first author, and publication characteristics (year, setting, etc.) |
Participants’ Characteristics | Sex, age, disabilities |
Tele-Assessment Characteristics | Tele-test or tele-scale, delivery device types, synchronous and/or asynchronous, location, duration, results |
Comparator Test Characteristics | Test or scale, location, duration, results |
Primary Outcomes | Validity, inter-rater, intra-rater reliability, accuracy studies, minimal detectable change score, and measurement error study |
Secondary Outcomes Measure | Other outcomes that the authors do not consider as primary clinical variables |
Certainty of Evidence | Methods used |
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Estebanez-Pérez, M.-J.; Pastora-Estebanez, P.; Romero-García, I.; Vinolo-Gil, M.J.; Fernández-Navarro, R.; Pastora-Bernal, J.-M. Physiotherapist Online Assessment in Patients with Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 2311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072311
Estebanez-Pérez M-J, Pastora-Estebanez P, Romero-García I, Vinolo-Gil MJ, Fernández-Navarro R, Pastora-Bernal J-M. Physiotherapist Online Assessment in Patients with Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(7):2311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072311
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstebanez-Pérez, María-José, Pablo Pastora-Estebanez, Ismael Romero-García, Maria Jesus Vinolo-Gil, Rocío Fernández-Navarro, and José-Manuel Pastora-Bernal. 2025. "Physiotherapist Online Assessment in Patients with Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 7: 2311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072311
APA StyleEstebanez-Pérez, M.-J., Pastora-Estebanez, P., Romero-García, I., Vinolo-Gil, M. J., Fernández-Navarro, R., & Pastora-Bernal, J.-M. (2025). Physiotherapist Online Assessment in Patients with Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(7), 2311. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072311