Quality of Life and Mental Health Well-Being in Sjögren’s Disease in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Statistical Analyses
2.3. Patient and Public Involvement
3. Results
3.1. Impact on the General Quality of Life
- Physical domain: This domain deteriorated in 54% of patients, compared to only 7% of the healthy participants who had their physical life quality affected negatively.
- Psychological domain: The quality of this domain was low in 48% of patients, compared to only 10% of the healthy volunteers.
- Social domain: The quality of this domain was low in 45% of the patients compared to only 21% of the healthy participants.
- Environmental domain: This domain was compromised in 22% of the patients compared to only 10% of the healthy participants.
3.2. Impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
3.3. Impact on Mental Health Well-Being
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Patients n = 65 | Volunteers n = 62 | p-Value | Chi-Square | Total n = 127 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean (95%) 59 (55.8–62.1) | Mean (95%) 43 (39.2–46.8) | Mean (95%) 51 (48.4–54) | ||
Ethnicity | N(%) | N(%) | 0.1 | 5.5 | N(%) |
White UK | 41 (63) | 14 (22) | 55 (43) | ||
White others | 4 (6) | 14 (22) | 18 (14) | ||
White total | 45 (69) | 28 (45) | 73 (57) | ||
Mixed | 1 (1) | 4 (6) | 5 (3) | ||
Asian | 9 (13) | 13 (20) | 22 (17) | ||
Black | 7 (10) | 5 (8) | 12 (9) | ||
Other | 3 (4) | 12 (19) | 15 (11) | ||
Partner | 0.9 | 0.00 | |||
Yes | 45 (69) | 43 (71) | 88 (70) | ||
No | 20 (31) | 19 (31) | 39 (31) | ||
Education | -- | 0.07 | 5.2 | -- | |
Primary | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | ||
Secondary | 23 (35) | 11 (17) | 34 (26) | ||
Tertiary | 41 (63) | 49 (79) | 90 (70) | ||
Monthly income | 0.5 | 2.5 | |||
GBP 500–1000 | 7 (10) | 7 (11) | 14 (11) | ||
GBP 1000–2000 | 18 (27) | 19 (30) | 37 (29) | ||
More than GBP 2000 | 33 (50) | 26 (41) | 59 (46) | ||
Preferred not to say | 5 (8) | 10 (16) | 15 (11) | ||
Missing | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | ||
Employment | 0.01 | 28.9 | |||
Employed | 20 (30) | 43 (69) | 63 (49) | ||
Unemployed | 10 (15) | 12 (19) | 22 (17) | ||
Retired | 35 (53) | 6 (9) | 41 (32) | ||
Missing | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (0.7) |
Quality of Life Patients, n = 65 Healthy Volunteers, n = 61 | Mean, ±SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Physical domain 1 Patients Healthy volunteers | 55.4, ±19 80, ±12.7 | 25 (19–30) | 0.01 |
Psychological domain Patients Healthy volunteers | 61.8, ±16 73.7, ±11.7 | 12 (7–16.7) | 0.00 |
Social domain Patients Healthy volunteers | 61.6, ±20 73.6, ±17.2 | 12 (5.2–18.7) | 0.02 |
Environmental domain Patients Healthy volunteers | 69.5, ±16 75.6, ±12.8 | 6 (0.9–11.2) | 0.03 |
Mental health well-being Patients, n = 65 Healthy volunteers, n = 61 | Mean, ±SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) | p-Value |
Anxiety 2 Patients Healthy volunteers | 8, ±4 5.2, ±3.3 | 2.8 (1.5–4) | 0.1 |
Depression 2 Patients Healthy volunteers | 6, ±4 2.4, ±2.5 | 3.5 (2.3–4.6) | 0.04 |
OHIP-14 Domains * Patients, n = 65 Healthy Volunteers, n = 61 | Mean, ±SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Functional limitation Patients Healthy volunteers | 1.5, ±1.1 0.1, ±0.4 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.02 |
Physical pain Patients Healthy volunteers | 1.8, ±1 0.8, ±1.2 | 1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.03 |
Psychological discomfort Patients Healthy volunteers | 1.9, ±1.2 0.9, ±0.9 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.04 |
Physical disability Patients Healthy volunteers | 1.4, ±1 0.4, ±0.6 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.00 |
Psychological disability Patients Healthy volunteers | 1.5, ±1 0.6, ±0.7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.01 |
Social disability Patients Healthy volunteers | 1, ±0.9 0.4, ±0.6 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.01 |
Handicap Patients Healthy volunteers | 1, ±1 0.2, ±0.5 | 0.8 (0.5–1) | 0.02 |
Total score Patients Healthy volunteers | 20.4 ±11 6.7, ±6.6 | 13.7 (10.5–16.9) | 0.03 |
Variable | Patients’ Group N = 65 | Healthy Volunteers’ Group N = 61 | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence (%) | 69.2% | 14% | 0.4–0.7 | 0.03 |
Extent (mean score) | 2.6 | 0.3 | 1.6–3.2 | 0.04 |
Severity (mean score) | 20.4 | 6.7 | 10.5–16.9 | 0.00 |
OHRQoL | Standardised Coefficients (Beta) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age p-Value 95% CI | Alcohol p-Value 95% CI | Mouthwash p-Value 95% CI | |
Total OHIP | β = 0.4 p = 0.008 95% CI = 0.1–0.7 | β = −0.3 p = 0.01 95% CI = −13–−1.4 | β = 0.2 p = 0.07 95% CI = −0.6–11 |
Functional limitation | β = 0.3 p = 0.03 95% CI = 0–0.1 | β = −0.2 p = 1 95% CI = −1–0.1 | β = 0.3 p = 0.04 95% CI = 0.02–1.2 |
Physical pain | β = 0.3 p = 0.09 95% CI = 0–0.05 | β = −0.15 p = 0.3 95% CI = −0.8–0.2 | β = 0.2 p = 0.1 95% CI = −0.09–1 |
Psychological discomfort | β = 0.4 p = 0.03 95% CI = 0–0.06 | β = 0.3 p = 0.04 95% CI = −1.2–−0.02 | β = 0.1 p = 0.3 95% CI = −0.3–0.9 |
Physical disability | β = 0.5 p = 0.007 95% CI = 0–0.06 | β = −0.3 p = 0.03 95% CI = −1–−0.05 | β = 0.2 p = 0.1 95% CI = −0.1–0.9 |
Psychological disability | β = 0.3 p = 0.06 95% CI = 0–0.05 | β = −0.3 p = 0.02 95% CI = −1.2–−0.1 | β = 0.1 p = 0.4 95% CI = −0.2–0.8 |
Social disability | β = 0.3 p = 0.07 95% CI = 0–0.04 | β = −0.3 p = 0.03 95% CI = −1–−0.1 | β = 0.2 p = 0.1 95% CI = −0.1–0.9 |
Handicap | β = 0.3 p = 0.07 95% CI = 0–0.5 | β = −0.2 p = 0.1 95% CI = −0.9–0.1 | β = 0.1 p = 0.3 95% CI = −0.3–0.8 |
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Al-Ezzi, M.Y.; Khan, K.S.; Tappuni, A.R. Quality of Life and Mental Health Well-Being in Sjögren’s Disease in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061939
Al-Ezzi MY, Khan KS, Tappuni AR. Quality of Life and Mental Health Well-Being in Sjögren’s Disease in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(6):1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061939
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Ezzi, Minan Y., Khalid S. Khan, and Anwar R. Tappuni. 2025. "Quality of Life and Mental Health Well-Being in Sjögren’s Disease in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6: 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061939
APA StyleAl-Ezzi, M. Y., Khan, K. S., & Tappuni, A. R. (2025). Quality of Life and Mental Health Well-Being in Sjögren’s Disease in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(6), 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061939