The Co-Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Diagnosed with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy and Data Extraction
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- For PubMed: (“temporomandibular disorder” [MeSH Terms] AND (“tinnitus”);
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- For Scopus: TITLE-ABS-KEY (“temporomandibular disorder” AND “tinnitus”);
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- For Web of Science: TS = (“temporomandibular disorder” AND “tinnitus”).
2.2. Quality Assessment and Critical Appraisal for the Systematic Review of Included Studies
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|---|
Population | patients with tinnitus—adults, both genders | patients with other neurological and hearing disorders |
Exposure | temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) | other disorders of the oral cavity |
Comparison | not applicable | |
Outcomes | prevalence or odds ratio for TMDs in tinnitus patients | prevalence or odds ratio for tinnitus in TMD patients |
Study design | case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies | literature reviews, case reports, expert opinion, letters to the editor, conference reports |
published between 1 January 2004 and 27 November 2024 | not published in English |
Study | Setting | Study Design | Study Group (F/M, Age) | Control Group | Tinnitus Diagnosis | TMD Diagnosis |
Attanasio et al., 2015 [26] | Italy | cross-sectional | 55 (NR), mean 41.8 | n/a | chronic subjective tinnitus lasted at least for the last 12 months | Wilkes Classification Stages I and II |
Cimino et al., 2022 [27] | Italy | cross-sectional | 79 (37/42), 44.41 ± 11.7 | n/a | episode of sound perception in the absence of external sources for more than 5 min at least 2 times a week | according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) Axis I protocol |
Didier et al., 2023 [1] | Italy | cross-sectional | 47 (NR), NR | n/a | somatosensory tinnitus | according to the diagnostic criteria for TMD Axis I (DC/TMD), as any condition associated with pain and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles or TMJ |
Edvall et al., 2019 [28] | Sweden | cross-sectional | 2482 (1222/1260) | n/a | according to Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire | self-reported TMJ problems |
Hilgenberg et al., 2012 [29] | Brazil | case-control | 100 (84/16), mean 39.16 ± 12.01 | 100 (65/35), mean 34.33 ± 10.72 | use of the Protocol of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis of HC-FMUSP | according to the research diagnostic criteria for TMDs (RDC/TMD) Axes I and II |
Morais & Gil, 2012 [30] | Brazil | cross-sectional | 20 (14/6), mean 32.1 | n/a | identification of the tinnitus pitch and loudness by means of acuphenometry | checklist of TMD signs and symptoms |
Pavaci et al., 2019 [31] | Italy | case-control | 130 (55/75), mean 53.1 ± 13.97 | 100 (46/54), mean 46.16 ± 12.95 | hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ) and the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) in a self-administered way | not specified |
Peleg et al., 2022 [16] | Israel | cross-sectional | 51 (24/27), 51.26 ± 17.97 | n/a | tinnitus for at least 6 months as reported by a patient; confirmed based on physical and an audiometric examination | according to the diagnostic criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) Axes I and II |
Stohler et al., 2019 [32] | the United Kingdom | case-control | 109,783 (55,909/53,874), 54.7 ± 15.9 | 109,783 (55,909/53,874), age-matched | first-time-diagnosed tinnitus | not specified |
Tullberg & Ernberg, 2006 [33] | Sweden | cross-sectional | 120 (56/64), 47 ± 13 | n/a | not specified | presence of TMD symptoms and signs |
Vielsmeier et al., 2012 [3] | Germany | cross-sectional | 1204 (451/753), 52.97 ± 13.28 | n/a | according to Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire | self-reported TMJ problems |
Study | Sample Size | Proportion (%) | 95% CI | Weight (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Attanasio et al., 2015 [26] | 55 | 27.273 | 16.138 to 40.962 | 8.97 |
Cimino et al., 2022 [27] | 79 | 67.089 | 55.601 to 77.252 | 9.10 |
Didier et al., 2023 [1] | 47 | 97.872 | 88.706 to 99.946 | 8.90 |
Edvall et al., 2019 [28] | 2482 | 19.581 | 18.036 to 21.198 | 9.40 |
Hilgenberg et al., 2012 [29] | 100 | 85.000 | 76.469 to 91.355 | 9.16 |
Morais & Gil, 2012 [30] | 20 | 90.000 | 68.302 to 98.765 | 8.31 |
Pavaci et al., 2019 [31] | 130 | 48.462 | 39.610 to 57.385 | 9.22 |
Peleg et al., 2022 [16] | 51 | 27.451 | 15.893 to 41.745 | 8.94 |
Stohler et al., 2019 [32] | 109,783 | 2.501 | 2.410 to 2.595 | 9.41 |
Tullberg & Ernberg, 2006 [33] | 120 | 80.000 | 71.719 to 86.745 | 9.20 |
Vielsmeier et al., 2012 [3] | 1204 | 21.678 | 19.380 to 24.114 | 9.39 |
Total (random effects) | 114,071 | 50.988 | 33.305 to 68.544 | 100.00 |
Egger’s test (publication bias) | Intercept | 95% CI | p-value | |
16.3805 | 10.1555 to 22.6055 | 0 = 0.0002 |
Study | Tinnitus | Controls | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | Weight (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hilgenberg et al., 2012 [29] | 85/100 | 55/100 | 4.636 | 2.359 to 9.112 | 25.66 | |
Pavaci et al., 2019 [31] | 63/130 | 33/100 | 1.909 | 1.112 to 3.277 | 30.25 | |
Stohler et al., 2019 [32] | 2746/109,783 | 1662/109,783 | 1.669 | 1.569 to 1.775 | 44.09 | |
Total (random effects) | 2894/110,013 | 1750/109,983 | 2.259 | 1.334 to 3.827 | 0.002 | 100.00 |
Egger’s test (publication bias) | Intercept | 95% CI | ||||
1.9433 | −15.4477 to 19.3343 | 0.3906 |
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Bury, M.; Nijakowski, K.; Majewska, A.; Jankowski, J.; Surdacka, A.; Hojan-Jezierska, D. The Co-Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Diagnosed with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061836
Bury M, Nijakowski K, Majewska A, Jankowski J, Surdacka A, Hojan-Jezierska D. The Co-Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Diagnosed with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(6):1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061836
Chicago/Turabian StyleBury, Michał, Kacper Nijakowski, Anna Majewska, Jakub Jankowski, Anna Surdacka, and Dorota Hojan-Jezierska. 2025. "The Co-Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Diagnosed with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6: 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061836
APA StyleBury, M., Nijakowski, K., Majewska, A., Jankowski, J., Surdacka, A., & Hojan-Jezierska, D. (2025). The Co-Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Diagnosed with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(6), 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061836