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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Lipid Profile Management in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Data from the BDCAP Registry in Spain (LIPIDSPAIN)

by
Miguel García-Villarino
1,2,3,
Carmen Lambert
2,*,
Tomás González-Vidal
2,4,
Ana Victoria García
2,
Elsa Villa-Fernández
1,2,
Claudia Lozano-Aida
2,3,
Lorena Suárez-Gutiérrez
2,4,
Pedro Pujante
2,4,
Elías Delgado
1,2,4,†,
Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre
1,2,4,† and
Jessica Ares-Blanco
1,2,4,†
1
Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
2
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
3
Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
4
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6037; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176037
Submission received: 23 July 2025 / Revised: 14 August 2025 / Accepted: 21 August 2025 / Published: 26 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Medicine)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Achieving LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) targets is critical in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Despite clinical guidelines promoting aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, many patients fail to reach recommended LDL-C levels. This study aimed to evaluate lipid profile management among secondary prevention patients in Spain using the Spanish Primary Care Clinical Database (BDCAP) registry. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using 2019–2023 data from the BDCAP. Patients with prior diagnoses of ischemic heart disease, stroke, or peripheral artery disease, and receiving lipid-lowering therapy, were included. Data on therapy type (monotherapy or combination therapy with lipid-lowering drugs), LDL-C serum levels, and demographic and socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Trends from 2019 to 2023 and regional differences were also explored. Results: In 2023, 1,565,429 patients received lipid-lowering drugs for secondary prevention (678.3 per 1000 attended), with higher rates in men. Combination therapy increased over time, from 88.9 to 191.1 per 1000 between 2019 and 2023. Regional disparities were notable, with treatment coverage ranging from 53.9% to 87.9%. Only 33.7% of treated patients achieved LDL-C <70 mg/dL, and 65.6% achieved <100 mg/dL. Combination therapy was significantly more effective than monotherapy in reaching both LDL-C thresholds. Conclusions: Despite the growing use of combination lipid-lowering therapy, a substantial proportion of secondary prevention patients in Spain do not meet LDL-C targets. These findings highlight the need for more intensive lipid management strategies and improved adherence to clinical guidelines to optimize cardiovascular risk reduction.
Keywords: secondary prevention; lipid-lowering therapy; LDL cholesterol; cardiovascular disease; BDCAP registry secondary prevention; lipid-lowering therapy; LDL cholesterol; cardiovascular disease; BDCAP registry

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MDPI and ACS Style

García-Villarino, M.; Lambert, C.; González-Vidal, T.; García, A.V.; Villa-Fernández, E.; Lozano-Aida, C.; Suárez-Gutiérrez, L.; Pujante, P.; Delgado, E.; Menéndez-Torre, E.; et al. Lipid Profile Management in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Data from the BDCAP Registry in Spain (LIPIDSPAIN). J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 6037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176037

AMA Style

García-Villarino M, Lambert C, González-Vidal T, García AV, Villa-Fernández E, Lozano-Aida C, Suárez-Gutiérrez L, Pujante P, Delgado E, Menéndez-Torre E, et al. Lipid Profile Management in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Data from the BDCAP Registry in Spain (LIPIDSPAIN). Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(17):6037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176037

Chicago/Turabian Style

García-Villarino, Miguel, Carmen Lambert, Tomás González-Vidal, Ana Victoria García, Elsa Villa-Fernández, Claudia Lozano-Aida, Lorena Suárez-Gutiérrez, Pedro Pujante, Elías Delgado, Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre, and et al. 2025. "Lipid Profile Management in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Data from the BDCAP Registry in Spain (LIPIDSPAIN)" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 17: 6037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176037

APA Style

García-Villarino, M., Lambert, C., González-Vidal, T., García, A. V., Villa-Fernández, E., Lozano-Aida, C., Suárez-Gutiérrez, L., Pujante, P., Delgado, E., Menéndez-Torre, E., & Ares-Blanco, J. (2025). Lipid Profile Management in Secondary Prevention in Spain: Data from the BDCAP Registry in Spain (LIPIDSPAIN). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(17), 6037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176037

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