The Impact of Previous Comorbidities on New Comorbidities and Medications after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Lithuanian Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Participants and Persistent Symptoms in Relation to Previous Health Status
3.2. Comorbidities and Medications Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
3.3. New Comorbidities and Medications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
3.4. Regression Analysis for Predictors of New Comorbidities and New Medications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 816 (91.2%) | 431 (48.2%) | 385 (43.0%) | 0.524 |
Male | 79 (8.8%) | 42 (4.7%) | 37 (4.1%) | ||
Age group | Younger than 40 years | 373 (41.7%) | 269 (30.1%) | 104 (11.6%) | <0.001 |
41–60 years | 418 (46.7%) | 187 (20.9%) | 231 (25.8%) | ||
61–80years | 104 (11.6%) | 17 (1.9%) | 87 (9.7%) | ||
Education | Primary/secondary | 106 (11.8%) | 49 (5.5%) | 57 (6.4%) | 0.066 |
Higher non-university | 266 (29.7%) | 129 (14.4%) | 137 (15.53%) | ||
Higher university | 520 (58.1%) | 294 (32.8%) | 226 (25.3%) | ||
Other | 3 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||
Socioeconomic situation | Employed/working | 749 (83.7%) | 426 (47.6%) | 323 (36.1%) | <0.001 |
Temporary unemployed | 30 (3.4%) | 10 (1.1%) | 20 (2.2%) | ||
Unemployed | 55 (6.0%) | 26 (2.9%) | 29 (3.2%) | ||
Retired | 52 (5.8%) | 7 (0.8%) | 45 (5.0%) | ||
Student | 9 (1.0%) | 5 (0.6%) | 4 (0.4%) | ||
Region of Residence in Lithuania | Kaunas | 247 (27.6%) | 140 (15.6%) | 107 (12.0%) | 0.359 |
Vilnius | 236 (26.3%) | 126 (14.1%) | 110 (12.3%) | ||
Klaipėda | 106 (11.8%) | 52 (5.8%) | 54 (6.0%) | ||
Šiauliai | 75 (8.3%) | 42 (4.7%) | 33 (3.7%) | ||
Panevėžys | 73 (8.2%) | 33 (3.7%) | 40 (4.5%) | ||
Telšiai | 40 (4.5%) | 22 (2.5%) | 18 (2.0%) | ||
Marijampolė | 36 (4.0%) | 16 (1.8%) | 20 (2.2%) | ||
Alytus | 33 (3.7%) | 16 (1.8%) | 17 (1.9%) | ||
Utena | 31 (3.5%) | 20 (2.2%) | 11 (1.2%) | ||
Tauragė | 18 (2.0%) | 6 (0.7%) | 12 (1.3%) | ||
Living area | Settlement | 41 (4.6%) | 17 (1.9%) | 24 (2.7%) | 0.224 |
Village | 101 (11.3%) | 51 (5.7%) | 50 (5.6%) | ||
City | 644 (72.0%) | 340 (38.0%) | 304 (34.0%) | ||
Suburbs | 109 (12.2%) | 65 (7.3%) | 44 (4.9%) |
Symptoms Related to | All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nervous system | 739 (82.6%) | 370 (41.3%) | 369 (42.2%) | p < 0.001 |
Chronic pain | 477 (53.3%) | 219 (24.5%) | 258 (28.8%) | p < 0.001 |
Throat, nose, and ear | 420 (46.9%) | 203 (22.7%) | 217 (24.2.6%) | p = 0.007 |
Heart | 364 (40.7%) | 156 (17.4%) | 208 (23.2%) | p < 0.001 |
Skin | 335 (37.4%) | 149 (16.6%) | 186 (20.8%) | p < 0.001 |
Mood and emotions | 307 (34.3) | 165 (18.4%) | 142 (15.9%) | p = 0.375 |
Lung | 258 (28.8%) | 116 (13.0%) | 142 (15.9%) | p = 0.002 |
Endocrine | 254 (28.4%) | 117 (13.1%) | 137 (15.3%) | p = 0.006 |
Vision and eyes | 246 (27.5%) | 103 (11.5%) | 143 (16.0%) | p < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 165 (18.4%) | 73 (8.2%) | 92 (10.3%) | p = 0.009 |
Other | 601 (67.2%) | 291 (32.5%) | 310 (34.6%) | p < 0.001 |
Disorders | All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular | 209 (23.4%) | 0 | 209 (23.4%) | p < 0.001 |
Endocrine | 158 (17.7%) | 0 | 158 (17.7%) | p < 0.001 |
Neurological | 111 (12.4%) | 0 | 111 (12.4%) | p < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal | 68 (7.6%) | 0 | 68 (7.6%) | p < 0.001 |
Psychiatric | 63 (7.0%) | 0 | 63 (7.0%) | p < 0.001 |
Skin | 49 (5.5%) | 0 | 49 (5.5%) | p < 0.001 |
Inflammatory rheumatic | 49 (5.5%) | 0 | 49 (5.5%) | p < 0.001 |
Pulmonary | 49 (5.5%) | 0 | 49 (5.5%) | p < 0.001 |
Renal | 18 (2.0%) | 0 | 18 (2.0%) | p < 0.001 |
Oncological | 17 (1.9%) | 0 | 17 (1.9%) | p < 0.001 |
Immunodeficiency | 7 (0.8%) | 0 | 7 (0.8%) | p = 0.005 |
Others | 22 (2.5%) | 0 | 22 (2.5%) | p < 0.001 |
Drug Regulating | All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
The cardiovascular system | 109 (12.2%) | 11 (2.3%) | 98 (10.9%) | p < 0.001 |
The endocrine system | 61 (6.8%) | 10 (1.1%) | 51 (5.7%) | p < 0.001 |
Psychological functions (psychopharmacology) | 23 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (2.6%) | p < 0.001 |
Inflammation (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics) | 13 (1.5%) | 2 (0.2%) | 11 (1.2%) | p = 0.006 |
The immune system (antiallergic and anti-asthmatic) | 10 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (1.1%) | p < 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 10 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (1.1%) | p < 0.001 |
Supplements/vitamins | 9 (1.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 7 (0.8%) | p = 0.064 |
Other | 105 (11.7%) | 9 (1.0%) | 96 (10.7%) | p < 0.001 |
All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular | 31 (3.5%) | 9 (1.0%) | 22 (2.5%) | p = 0.006 |
Neurological | 23 (2.6%) | 9 (1.0%) | 14 (1.6%) | p = 0.131 |
Pulmonary | 16 (1.8%) | 4 (0.4%) | 12 (1.3%) | p = 0.022 |
Gastrointestinal | 12 (1.3%) | 6 (0.7%) | 6 (0.7%) | p = 0.534 |
Endocrine | 11 (1.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | 8 (0.9%) | p = 0.079 |
Inflammatory rheumatic | 8 (0.9%) | 2 (0.2%) | 6 (0.7%) | p = 0.109 |
Renal | 6 (0.7%) | 1 (0.1%) | 5 (0.6%) | p = 0.084 |
Dermatological | 6 (0.7%) | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.3%) | p = 0.602 |
Psychiatric | 5 (0.6%) | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | p = 0.447 |
Gynaecological | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | p = 0.528 |
Others | 28 (3.1%) | 13 (1.5%) | 15 (1.7%) | p = 0.308 |
Drugs Regulating: | All N = 895 (100%) | “Healthy” N = 473 (52.8%) | “Unhealthy” N = 422 (47.2%) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Supplements/vitamins | 187 (20.9%) | 82 (9.2%) | 105 (11.7%) | p = 0.004 |
The cardiovascular system | 55 (6.1%) | 26 (2.9%) | 29 (3.2%) | p = 0.237 |
Inflammation (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics) | 38 (4.2%) | 11 (1.2%) | 27 (3.0%) | p = 0.002 |
Psychological functions (psychopharmacology) | 22 (2.5%) | 8 (0.9%) | 14 (1.6%) | p = 0.127 |
The immune system (antiallergic and anti-asthmatic) | 6 (0.7%) | 2 (0.2%) | 4 (0.4%) | p = 0.291 |
The endocrine system | 8 (0.9%) | 2 (0.4%) | 6 (0.5%) | p = 0.151 |
Other | 96 (10.7%) | 43 (4.8%) | 53 (5.9%) | p = 0.059 |
Regressors | New Cardiovascular Disease OR (95% CI), p-Value | New Pulmonary Disease OR (95% CI), p-Value | New Vitamins/Supplements OR (95% CI), p-Value | New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs OR (95% CI), p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Sex | n.s. | n.s. | 0.33 (0.15–0.74), p = 0.007 | n.s. |
Sociodemographic characteristics | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Prior cardiovascular diseases | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Prior endocrine diseases | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Prior nervous system diseases | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
New cardiovascular disease | - | 5.24 (1.33–20.55), 0.018 | n.s. | n.s. |
New pulmonary disease | 5.1 (1.3–19.76), 0.02 | - | n.s. | n.s. |
New vitamins/supplements | n.s. | n.s. | - | n.s. |
New anti-inflammatory drugs | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | - |
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Važgėlienė, D.; Kubilius, R.; Bileviciute-Ljungar, I. The Impact of Previous Comorbidities on New Comorbidities and Medications after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Lithuanian Cohort. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020623
Važgėlienė D, Kubilius R, Bileviciute-Ljungar I. The Impact of Previous Comorbidities on New Comorbidities and Medications after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Lithuanian Cohort. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(2):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020623
Chicago/Turabian StyleVažgėlienė, Dovilė, Raimondas Kubilius, and Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar. 2024. "The Impact of Previous Comorbidities on New Comorbidities and Medications after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Lithuanian Cohort" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 2: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020623
APA StyleVažgėlienė, D., Kubilius, R., & Bileviciute-Ljungar, I. (2024). The Impact of Previous Comorbidities on New Comorbidities and Medications after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Lithuanian Cohort. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(2), 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020623