Anal Fissure and Its Treatments: A Historical Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pre-Modern Era
3. Modern Era
3.1. 19th Century
3.2. 20th Century
3.3. 21st Century
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Innovation |
---|---|---|
Celso | 35 AD | Warm sitz baths, ointments |
Razi, Ibn Sina | 900–1020 | Laxatives, second line of treatment |
Le Monnier | 1689 | Description of the pathology |
Boyer | 1826 | Open lateral sphincterotomy with involvement of the external sphincter |
Recamier | 1838 | Anal dilatation (manual) |
Baladin | 1849 | Closed lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy with involvement of the external sphincter |
Hirschmann | 1914 | Anal dilatation (instrumental) |
Gabriel | 1930 | Fissurectomy |
Eisenhammer | 1951 | Lateral open sphincterotomy of the internal sphincter alone |
Parks | 1967 | Lateral internal sphincterotomy through skin incision |
Samson and Stewart | 1970 | Anoplasty |
Notaras | 1971 | Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy |
Jost and Schimrigk | 1993 | Application of botulin toxin |
Loder | 1994 | Chemical sphincterotomy (glyceryl trinitrate) |
Antropoli | 1999 | Chemical sphincterotomy (nifedipine) |
Carapeti | 2000 | Chemical sphincterotomy (diltiazem) |
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Riboni, C.; Selvaggi, L.; Cantarella, F.; Podda, M.; Bracchitta, S.; Mosca, V.; Cosenza, A.; Cosenza, V.; Selvaggi, F.; Nardo, B.; et al. Anal Fissure and Its Treatments: A Historical Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133930
Riboni C, Selvaggi L, Cantarella F, Podda M, Bracchitta S, Mosca V, Cosenza A, Cosenza V, Selvaggi F, Nardo B, et al. Anal Fissure and Its Treatments: A Historical Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133930
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiboni, Cristiana, Lucio Selvaggi, Francesco Cantarella, Mauro Podda, Salvatore Bracchitta, Vinicio Mosca, Angelo Cosenza, Vincenzo Cosenza, Francesco Selvaggi, Bruno Nardo, and et al. 2024. "Anal Fissure and Its Treatments: A Historical Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133930
APA StyleRiboni, C., Selvaggi, L., Cantarella, F., Podda, M., Bracchitta, S., Mosca, V., Cosenza, A., Cosenza, V., Selvaggi, F., Nardo, B., & Pata, F. (2024). Anal Fissure and Its Treatments: A Historical Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133930