Assessment of Fatigue and Associated Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Data
2.4. Questionnaires
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between the MFI-K Score and Various Demographic and Clinical Variables in Patients with IBD
3.3. Factors Independently Associated with the Total MFI-K Score and MFI-K Subscale Scores
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All IBD Cases (n = 147) | UC (n = 97) | CD (n = 50) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 36.2 ± 13.5 | 40.3 ± 13.8 | 28.7 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.098 | |||
Male | 97 (66.0) | 59 (60.8) | 38 (76.0) | |
Female | 50 (34.0) | 38 (39.2) | 12 (24.0) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.7 | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 22.3 ± 4.5 | 0.587 |
Duration of disease (years) | ||||
<1 | 42 (28.6) | 25 (25.8) | 17 (34.0) | 0.471 |
1–5 | 59 (40.1) | 42 (43.3) | 17 (34.0) | |
>5 | 46 (31.3) | 30 (30.9) | 16 (32.0) | |
History of surgery for IBD | 11 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 11 (22) | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.8 ± 1.8 | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | 0.131 |
Protein (g/dL) | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 0.703 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 0.412 |
ESR (mm/h) | 13.0 ± 16.7 | 12.4 ± 14.3 | 14.4 ± 20.8 | 0.521 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 4.8 ± 17.3 | 5.7 ± 20.1 | 3.2 ± 10.0 | 0.410 |
25-OH-Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 29.4 ± 18.4 | 29.8 ± 17.8 | 28.7 ± 19.6 | 0.778 |
Current medication | ||||
5-ASA | 115 (78.2%) | 82 (84.5%) | 33 (66.0%) | 0.018 |
Immunomodulator | 65 (44.2%) | 23 (23.7%) | 42 (84.0%) | <0.001 |
Steroid | 31 (21.1%) | 14 (14.4%) | 17 (34.0%) | 0.011 |
Biologics | 35 (23.8%) | 16 (16.5%) | 19 (38.0%) | 0.007 |
Disease activity | ||||
Remission | 60 (40.8%) | 32 (33.0%) | 28 (56.0%) | 0.001 |
Mild | 41 (27.9%) | 37 (38.1%) | 4 (8.0%) | |
Moderate | 41 (27.9%) | 24 (24.7%) | 17 (34.0%) | |
Severe | 5 (3.4%) | 4 (4.1%) | 1 (2.0%) | |
MFI-K | 59.0 ± 5.5 | 58.8 ± 5.8 | 59.3 ± 4.9 | 0.605 |
HADS-A | 6.5 ± 4.3 | 6.3 ± 4.1 | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 0.410 |
HADS-D | 7.3 ± 4.3 | 6.9 ± 4.0 | 8.0 ± 4.9 | 0.124 |
MFI-K Subscale | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total MFI-K | p-Value | General and Physical Fatigue | p-Value | Mental Fatigue | p-Value | Reduced Activity | p-Value | Reduced Motivation | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 0.439 | 0.572 | 0.819 | 0.185 | 0.092 | |||||
<40 | 58.7 ± 5.1 | 16.9 ± 2.0 | 17.6 ± 2.6 | 14.0 ± 2.1 | 10.3 ± 3.2 | |||||
≥40 | 59.5 ± 6.2 | 17.1 ± 1.9 | 17.5 ± 3.2 | 13.4 ± 2.3 | 11.4 ± 4.3 | |||||
Sex | 0.473 | 0.614 | 0.209 | 0.029 | 0.140 | |||||
Male | 59.2 ± 5.8 | 17.1 ± 2.1 | 17.8 ± 3.0 | 14.1 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 3.7 | |||||
Female | 58.5 ± 4.9 | 16.9 ± 1.7 | 17.1 ± 2.4 | 13.2 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 3.5 | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.600 | 0.533 | 0.716 | 0.029 | 0.043 | |||||
<25 | 59.3 ± 5.6 | 17.1 ± 1.9 | 17.6 ± 2.7 | 13.7 ± 2.2 | 11.0 ± 3.6 | |||||
≥25 | 58.7 ± 4.4 | 16.9 ± 2.1 | 17.8 ± 3.0 | 14.7 ± 1.9 | 9.4 ± 3.5 | |||||
Duration of disease (years) | 0.788 | 0.065 | 0.980 | 0.980 | 0.876 | |||||
<1 | 59.3 ± 4.5 | 17.5 ± 1.9 | 17.6 ± 2.6 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | 10.4 ± 3.5 | |||||
1–5 | 59.1 ± 5.8 | 17.1 ± 2.0 | 17.6 ± 3.1 | 13.8 ± 2.4 | 10.7 ± 3.5 | |||||
>5 | 58.5 ± 6.0 | 16.5 ± 1.9 | 17.5 ± 2.6 | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 3.9 | |||||
History of surgery for IBD | 0.085 | 0.767 | 0.654 | 0.539 | 0.084 | |||||
No | 58.8 ± 5.5 | 17.0 ± 1.9 | 17.5 ± 2.8 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | 10.5 ± 3.6 | |||||
Yes | 61.7 ± 5.0 | 17.2 ± 2.4 | 17.9 ± 2.5 | 14.2 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 3.9 | |||||
Anemia | 0.987 | 0.170 | 0.128 | 0.371 | 0.338 | |||||
No | 59.0 ± 5.4 | 16.9 ± 2.0 | 17.7 ± 2.8 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 10.6 ± 3.6 | |||||
Yes | 59.0 ± 5.9 | 17.5 ± 1.6 | 16.8 ± 2.8 | 13.4 ± 2.6 | 11.3 ± 3.8 | |||||
Hypoalbuminemia | 0.896 | <0.001 | 0.483 | 0.158 | 0.367 | |||||
No | 59.0 ± 5.5 | 16.9 ± 2.0 | 17.6 ± 2.6 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 10.6 ± 3.6 | |||||
Yes | 58.7 ± 7.7 | 18.3 ± 0.5 | 15.8 ± 5.7 | 12.5 ± 3.0 | 12.0 ± 5.1 | |||||
Steroid | 0.299 | 0.376 | 0.607 | 0.677 | 0.657 | |||||
No | 58.8 ± 5.6 | 16.9 ± 2.0 | 17.5 ± 2.7 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | |||||
Yes | 59.9 ± 5.1 | 17.3 ± 1.9 | 17.8 ± 3.2 | 13.9 ± 2.5 | 10.9 ± 3.3 | |||||
Biologics | 0.031 | 0.102 | 0.071 | 0.503 | 0.571 | |||||
No | 59.5 ± 5.5 | 17.2 ± 2.0 | 17.8 ± 2.8 | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 10.7 ± 3.7 | |||||
Yes | 57.3 ± 5.0 | 16.5 ± 1.8 | 16.8 ± 2.7 | 13.6 ± 2.5 | 10.3 ± 3.4 | |||||
Disease activity | 0.083 | 0.009 | 0.611 | 0.981 | 0.102 | |||||
Remission and mild | 58.5 ± 5.4 | 16.7 ± 2.0 | 17.6 ± 2.6 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 10.3 ± 3.6 | |||||
Moderate and severe | 60.2 ± 5.5 | 17.6 ± 1.7 | 17.4 ± 3.2 | 13.8 ± 2.3 | 11.4 ± 3.7 | |||||
Anxiety * | 0.315 | 0.138 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
No | 59.4 ± 5.5 | 16.8 ± 2.1 | 18.4 ± 2.7 | 14.5 ± 1.9 | 9.7 ± 3.1 | |||||
Yes | 58.4 ± 5.4 | 17.3 ± 1.6 | 16.2 ± 2.5 | 12.7 ± 2.3 | 12.2 ± 3.9 | |||||
Depression † | 0.846 | 0.122 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
No | 58.9 ± 5.5 | 16.8 ± 2.1 | 18.3 ± 2.6 | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 9.4 ± 3.3 | |||||
Yes | 59.1 ± 5.5 | 17.3 ± 1.8 | 16.5 ± 2.7 | 13.0 ± 2.2 | 12.3 ± 3.4 |
Total MFI-K | MFI-K Subscale | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General and Physical Fatigue | Mental Fatigue | Reduced Activity | Reduced Motivation | |||||||
Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age | ||||||||||
Sex (male vs. female) | −0.89 (−1.82 to 0.04) | 0.061 | −0.99 (−1.73 to −0.24) | 0.010 | 1.14 (−0.11 to 2.38) | 0.073 | ||||
BMI | −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.03) | 0.119 | ||||||||
Duration of disease | ||||||||||
History of surgery for IBD | 3.35 (0.01–6.70) | 0.049 | 0.68 (−0.40 to 3.77) | 0.113 | ||||||
Anemia | ||||||||||
Hypoalbuminemia | ||||||||||
Steroid | ||||||||||
Biologics | −2.68 (−4.81 to −0.54) | 0.014 | −1.22 (−2.21 to −0.23) | 0.016 | ||||||
Disease activity (moderate to severe vs. remission to mild) | 0.86 (0.15–1.58) | 0.019 | ||||||||
Anxiety * | −1.31 (−2.34 to −0.29) | 0.012 | −1.08 (−1.89 to −0.26) | 0.010 | ||||||
Depression † | 0.49 (−0.18 to 1.15) | 0.152 | −1.34 (−2.35 to −0.33) | 0.009 | −0.72 (−1.52 to 0.08) | 0.077 | 2.86 (1.71–4.01) | <0.001 |
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Lee, H.H.; Gweon, T.-G.; Kang, S.-G.; Jung, S.H.; Lee, K.-M.; Kang, S.-B. Assessment of Fatigue and Associated Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093116
Lee HH, Gweon T-G, Kang S-G, Jung SH, Lee K-M, Kang S-B. Assessment of Fatigue and Associated Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(9):3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093116
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Han Hee, Tae-Geun Gweon, Sung-Goo Kang, Sung Hoon Jung, Kang-Moon Lee, and Sang-Bum Kang. 2023. "Assessment of Fatigue and Associated Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 9: 3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093116
APA StyleLee, H. H., Gweon, T.-G., Kang, S.-G., Jung, S. H., Lee, K.-M., & Kang, S.-B. (2023). Assessment of Fatigue and Associated Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), 3116. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093116