Combined Therapy with Anthracyclines and GnRH Analogues for Breast Cancer: Impact on Ischemic Heart Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Guidelines
1.2. Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy, Endocrine Therapy, and Risk of Cardiovascular Toxicities
1.3. GnRH Analogues: Mechanistic Aspects, Effectiveness, and Reasons for Concern
1.3.1. Mechanism of Action of GnRH
1.3.2. GnRH as a Treatment Target
1.3.3. GnRH in Combination with Other Endocrine Therapies
1.3.4. GnRH and Anthracyclines: An Understudied Combination
2. GnRH Analogues and Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease
2.1. Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
2.2. Lipid Metabolism and Dyslipidemia
2.3. Hypertension
2.4. Obesity and Weight Gain
3. GnRH Analogues and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Ischemic Heart Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bergami, M.; Manfrini, O.; Cenko, E.; Bugiardini, R. Combined Therapy with Anthracyclines and GnRH Analogues for Breast Cancer: Impact on Ischemic Heart Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 6791. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216791
Bergami M, Manfrini O, Cenko E, Bugiardini R. Combined Therapy with Anthracyclines and GnRH Analogues for Breast Cancer: Impact on Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(21):6791. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216791
Chicago/Turabian StyleBergami, Maria, Olivia Manfrini, Edina Cenko, and Raffaele Bugiardini. 2023. "Combined Therapy with Anthracyclines and GnRH Analogues for Breast Cancer: Impact on Ischemic Heart Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 21: 6791. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216791
APA StyleBergami, M., Manfrini, O., Cenko, E., & Bugiardini, R. (2023). Combined Therapy with Anthracyclines and GnRH Analogues for Breast Cancer: Impact on Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(21), 6791. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216791