Characterizing Sjögren-Associated Fatigue: A Distinct Phenotype from ME/CFS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Questionnaires for Symptom Scoring
2.3. Hand Grip Strength Measurement
2.4. Determination of Autoantibody Levels and Laboratory Blood Data
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics and Symptom Presentation
3.2. Hand Grip Strength
3.3. Autoantibodies
4. Discussion
4.1. Fatigue Severity
4.2. Exertional Intolerance and PEM
4.3. Severity of Other Symptoms
4.4. Autoantibody Correlations
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Whole Cohort (n = 19, Median with IQR) | High Fatigue (n = 6, Median with IQR) | Low Fatigue (n = 13, Median with IQR) | High vs. Low | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (f/m) | 18/1 | 6/0 | 12/1 | p = 0.497 |
Age (years) | 63 (52–68) | 68.5 (52–77) | 60 (54–67) | p = 0.253 |
Disease Duration (years) | 7 (3–10) | 7.5 (2.5–10.5) | 7 (3.5–10.5) | p = 0.792 |
pSS Indices | ||||
ESSDAI | 2 (0–5) | 3.5 (1.5–8.5) | 2 (0–3) | p = 0.131 |
ESSPRI | 4 (3.33–6) | 7 (5.9–8) | 4 (3.3–4.3) | p < 0.001 ** |
NRS Pain | 3 (0–5) | 6 (3–7.25) | 3 (0–4) | p = 0.045 * |
NRS Dryness | 6 (5–9) | 8.5 (5–9.25) | 6 (4.5–8.5) | p = 0.266 |
NRS Fatigue | 4 (3–8) | 8 (7.5–8.5) | 4 (1–4) | p < 0.001 ** |
MFI | 50 (43–64) | 72.5 (64–87.25) | 46 (32–50) | p < 0.001 ** |
General Fatigue | 12 (11–15) | 15.5 (14.25–16.5) | 12 (7.5–13.5) | p = 0.004 ** |
Physical Fatigue | 10 (7–14) | 15.5 (14–18.5) | 8 (6.5–11) | p < 0.001 ** |
Reduced Activity | 11 (7–14) | 16.5 (13.5–18.5) | 9 (6.5–11.5) | p < 0.001 ** |
Reduced Motivation | 8 (6–13) | 13 (8.75–15.5) | 7 (5–8.5) | p = 0.005 ** |
Mental Fatigue | 8 (6–15) | 15 (11–19.25) | 7 (4–12.5) | p = 0.010 * |
HGS (kg) | ||||
Fmean 1 | 20.18 (15.18–25.27) | 11.73 (6.5–17.8) | 24.75 (19.24–27.95) | p = 0.004 ** |
Fmean 2 | 19.30 (15.03–25.35) | 11.36 (5.22–15.62) | 23.27 (18.37–28.24) | p = 0.002 ** |
Fmax 1 | 25.70 (19.20–30.70) | 16.55 (8.25–21.6) | 27.10 (21.65–31.85) | p = 0.023 * |
Fmax 2 | 21.20 (18.50–28.00) | 13.8 (8.25–21.6) | 25.3 (20.95–30.8) | p = 0.008 ** |
Fatigue Ratio 1 | 1.18 (1.09–1.36) | 1.41 (1.2–1.75) | 1.14 (1.09–1.22) | p = 0.011 * |
Fatigue Ratio 2 | 1.11 (1.07–1.35) | 1.37 (1.28–1.75) | 1.08 (1.06–1.23) | p = 0.005 ** |
Recovery Ratio | 0.98 (0.79–1.35) | 0.85 (0.76–1.15) | 0.99 (0.91–1.05) | p = 0.430 |
HADS | 10 (8–15) | 16.5 (11.25–24.75) | 9 (5.5–11) | p = 0.015 * |
Depression | 4 (1–8) | 8 (3.3–12-25) | 3 (1–4.5) | p = 0.021 * |
Anxiety | 7 (5–9) | 9 (6.25–14.25) | 6 (3.5–7.5) | p = 0.084 |
PSQI | 8 (6–13) | 13.5 (9–16.25) | 7 (4–11) | p = 0.020 * |
COMPASS 31 | 18.22 (13.47–39.12) | 43.27 (24.01–54.59) | 16.46 (13.33–20.79) | p = 0.062 |
IPAQ | ||||
MET-Minutes/Week (1) | 2919 (1278–6238) | 1159 (0–6692) | 3519 (1586–5687) | p = 0.223 |
Autoantibodies (U/mL) | ||||
M3 | 4.2 (3.7–6.7) | 5.45 (3.93–10.15) | 4.2 (3.65–5.4) | p = 0.380 |
M4 | 5.7 (5.1–10) | 7.3 (5.05–14.87) | 5.5 (4.75–7.9) | p = 0.356 |
α1 | 5.5 (5.2–9.3) | 7.65 (5.3–12.4) | 5.5 (5.1–7.8) | p = 0.272 |
α2 | 9.2 (7.7–11.9) | 9.65 (8.45–12.63) | 9.1 (7.35–11.9) | p = 0.404 |
β1 | 12.2 (8.9–19) | 14.45 (10.83–26.35) | 10.9 (8.35–17.4) | p = 0.254 |
β2 | 15.6 (11.2–24.4) | 20 (12.48–41.18) | 14 (10.85–23.85) | p = 0.219 |
CCC (Fulfilled/Not Fulfilled) | (4/14) | (2/3) | (2/11) | p = 0.274 |
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Kim, L.; Kedor, C.; Buttgereit, F.; Heidecke, H.; Schaumburg, D.; Scheibenbogen, C. Characterizing Sjögren-Associated Fatigue: A Distinct Phenotype from ME/CFS. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4994. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154994
Kim L, Kedor C, Buttgereit F, Heidecke H, Schaumburg D, Scheibenbogen C. Characterizing Sjögren-Associated Fatigue: A Distinct Phenotype from ME/CFS. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(15):4994. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154994
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Laura, Claudia Kedor, Frank Buttgereit, Harald Heidecke, Desiree Schaumburg, and Carmen Scheibenbogen. 2023. "Characterizing Sjögren-Associated Fatigue: A Distinct Phenotype from ME/CFS" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15: 4994. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154994