Physical Activity Modifies the Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients—Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aim
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Place
2.2. Participants
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- pregnancy;
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- inability to complete the questionnaire during hospitalization or up to a week after discharge;
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- history of a significant cardiovascular event in the last 6 months (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, amputation, revascularization of peripheral vessels, and pulmonary or peripheral embolism of any etiology) if the patient did not complete the rehabilitation process;
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- symptomatic chronic respiratory disease not responding to therapy before hospitalization for COVID-19 (or no therapy);
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- any dyspnea at rest in the last month before COVID-19;
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- injury to the locomotor system in the last month before contracting COVID-19;
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- hospitalization in the last month before contracting COVID-19.
2.3. Methods
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Basic Information
3.2. Relationship between IPAQ Score and Severity of the Disease
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
- IPAQ-PL is dedicated to people aged 15–69. However, for the purpose of the EUPASS (European Physical Activity Surveillance System), residents who had just turned 18 were recruited [28].
- Respondents were asked to analyze their “usual PA before COVID-19” instead of the recommended “describe your PA during the last 7 days.” In our opinion, the disease with mild symptoms/signs probably started a few days before hospitalization, and PA may have been limited. Therefore, “the last 7 days” may not adequately describe the individual’s usual status. Although the use of “the last 7 days recall” is recommended, both formulae are available [26].
- Only patients who were not critically ill during admission were surveyed, which depends on the hospital profile and obvious reasons (patient condition).
- The analysis of the PA during the COVID period (but not lockdown) cannot be sufficient to properly describe the long-term relationship between analyzed variables in general.
- The correlation for CRP and PCT and physical activity level was not found as statistically significant.
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | IPAQ Level | Chi2 | p-Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | |||
Recovery (N = 117) Death or transfer to ICU (N = 5 + 9) | 49 | 40 | 28 | ||
(37.40%) | (30.53%) | (21.37%) | |||
7.15 | 0.03 | ||||
11 | 1 | 2 | |||
(8.40%) | (0.76%) | (1.53%) | |||
Does the patient need oxygen therapy? | No | 6.78 | 0.03 | ||
(N = 48) | |||||
19 | 12 | 17 | |||
(14.50%) | (9.16%) | (12.98%) | |||
Yes | |||||
(N = 83) | |||||
41 | 29 | 13 | |||
(31.30%) | (22.14%) | (9.92%) |
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Sutkowska, E.; Stanek, A.; Madziarska, K.; Jakubiak, G.K.; Sokołowski, J.; Madziarski, M.; Sutkowska-Stępień, K.; Biernat, K.; Mazurek, J.; Borowkow-Bulek, A.; et al. Physical Activity Modifies the Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients—Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124046
Sutkowska E, Stanek A, Madziarska K, Jakubiak GK, Sokołowski J, Madziarski M, Sutkowska-Stępień K, Biernat K, Mazurek J, Borowkow-Bulek A, et al. Physical Activity Modifies the Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients—Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124046
Chicago/Turabian StyleSutkowska, Edyta, Agata Stanek, Katarzyna Madziarska, Grzegorz K. Jakubiak, Janusz Sokołowski, Marcin Madziarski, Karolina Sutkowska-Stępień, Karolina Biernat, Justyna Mazurek, Adrianna Borowkow-Bulek, and et al. 2023. "Physical Activity Modifies the Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients—Observational Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124046