COVID-19 in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Poland, PAPITCO-19 Study (Polish Analysis of PICU Trends during COVID-19)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Reporting and Outcome
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hospital Name, City | Number of Patients |
---|---|
Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice | 9 |
University Child Hospital, Lublin | 9 |
University Hospital, Poznan | 7 |
University Hospital Nr 1, Szczecin | 4 |
University Child Hospital, Białystok | 4 |
University Hospital, Rzeszów | 3 |
Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk | 2 |
University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw | 2 |
University Children’s Hospital of Cracow | 2 |
University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw | 2 |
Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw | 1 |
Survived (n = 27) | Died (n = 18) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex Females Males | n = 9 n = 18 | n = 11 n = 7 | 0.125 |
Age [months] mean ± SD, median | 73.15 ± 75.93, 30.5 | 71.82 ± 75.18, 26 | 0.654 |
BMI Underweight, n, % Normal, n, % Obese, n, % | 13 (50.00%) 12 (46.15%) 1 (3.85%) | 7 (38.89%) 6 (33.34%) 5 (27.77%) | 0.748 |
Time from positive test to hospitalisation in the ICU [days] mean ± SD, median | 2.24 ± 3.73, 1 | 5.06 ± 10.65, 1 | 0.608 |
Comorbidities 1. Neurological disorders, n, % 2. Immobilisation, n, % 3. Immunosuppressive drugs, n, % 4. Congenital heart diseases, n, % 5. Respiratory failure, n, % 6. None, n, % | 15 (55.55%) 10 (37.03%) 2 (7.4%) 3 (11.11%) 5 (18.5%) 5 (18.5%) | 5 (27.77%) 3 (16.66%) 2 (11.11%) 6 (33.33%) 7 (38.88%) - | 0.227 |
From where the patient was admitted COVID-19 ward, n, % Emergency Room, n, % Home, n, % Paediatric Ward, n, % Other ICU, n, % Operating Room, n, % | 6 (22.22%) 5 (18.53%) 5 (18.52%) 9 (33.33%) 1 (3.70%) 1 (3.70%) | 6 (33.33%) 2 (11.11%) 4 (22.22) 3 (16.67%) 2 (11.11%) 1 (5.56%) | 0.691 * |
Oxygen therapy, n, % | 7 (25.92%) | 18 (100%) | 0.018 * |
Mechanical ventilation, n, % | 20 (7.07%) | 18 (100%) | |
Circulatory failure | 15 (57.69%) | 12 (66.67%) | 0.54 |
Hospitalisation time [days] mean ± SD, median | 16.56 ± 13.60, 12 | 10.82 ± 7.02, 11 | 0.330 |
Mortality, n, % study group | 18 (40%) |
Parameter (Mean ± SD; Median) | Survived | Died | P in Mann– Whitney U Test |
---|---|---|---|
First pH measurement | 7.33 ± 0.13, 7.36 | 7.34 ± 0.09, 7.31 | 0.763 |
First pO2 measurement [mmHg] | 103.84 ± 53.61, 84.4 | 72.75 ± 49.49, 54.0 | 0.018 * |
First pCO2 measurement [mmHg] | 52.91 ± 24.49, 47.0 | 51.68 ± 21.85, 45.5 | 0.990 |
First arterial oxygen saturation measurement | 92.39 ± 7.91, 95.0 | 78.43 ± 20.92, 84.0 | 0.018 * |
First Fi02 measurement | 0.65 ± 0.30, 0.5 | 0.89 ± 0.19, 1.0 | 0.020 * |
First-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 207.73 ± 137.32, 172.5 | 121.82 ± 147.37, 57.6 | 0.003 * |
Third-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 232.29 ± 179.71, 180.0 | 145.07 ± 142.96, 96.0 | 0.006 * |
Fifth-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 229.86 ± 178.88, 158.5 | 143.87 ± 135.10, 84.5 | 0.124 |
First-day lung injury score | 2.52 ± 1.81, 2.0 | 2.73 ± 1.35, 3.0 | 0.047 * |
Third-day lung injury score | 2.62 ± 1.44, 2.3 | 2.47 ± 1.03, 3.0 | 0.939 |
Fifth-day lung injury score | 2.23 ± 1.29, 2.15 | 2.59 ± 0.87, 3.0 | 0.873 |
First-day pSOFA | 6.22 ± 2.88, 5.5 | 9.38 ± 3.12, 10.0 | 0.012 * |
Third-day pSOFA | 6.19 ± 3.41, 5.0 | 10.50 ± 3.10, 10.5 | 0.007* |
Fifth-day pSOFA | 5.78 ± 3.15, 5.0 | 11.50 ± 4.09, 12.0 | 0.001 * |
WBC ** [×109 per L] | 10.86 ± 7.17, 9.69 | 10.81 ± 10.10, 6.45 | 0.614 |
PLT ** [×109 per L] | 202.82 ± 113.68, 197.0 | 207.64 ± 171.74, 142.0 | 0.832 |
HGB ** [g/dL] | 10.91 ± 3.75, 9.8 | 10.94 ± 1.51, 10.5 | 0.178 |
Procalcitonin ** [ng/mL] | 7.21 ± 8.96, 2.34 | 6.64 ± 17.33, 0.37 | 0.118 |
C-reactive protein ** [mg/L] | 58.85 ± 106.87, 12.48 | 57.75 ± 77.61, 17.4 | 0.365 |
D-dimer ** [ng FEU/mL] | 3573.71 ± 4953.15, 1900 | 2813.75 ± 3343.10, 1485.5 | 0.561 |
Creatynine ** [mg/dL] | 0.59 ± 0.87,0.26 | 0.47 ± 0.32, 0.37 | 0.456 |
Urea ** [mg/dL] | 48.70 ± 54.35, 32.0 | 27.23 ± 18.06, 24.0 | 0.217 |
Ferritine [µg/L] | 2307.18 ± 6288.94, 193.0 | 1112.53 ± 1431.25, 430.75 | 0.433 |
LDH [U/L] | 687.78 ± 575.99, 434.5 | 817.23 ± 678.26,505.0 | 0.232 |
Troponin [pg/mL] | 49.90 ± 62.55, 24.6 | 950.94 ± 2293.97, 204.0 | 0.089 |
IL-6 [pg/mL] | 74.22 ± 149.74,18.085 | 95.12 ± 124.83, 51.27 | 0.798 |
Lactate ** [mmol/L] | 3.03 ± 4.23, 1.1 | 17.76 ± 48.76, 3.26 | 0.070 |
AST ** [IU/L] | 83.04 ± 132.24, 41.0 | 112.89 ± 139.33, 66.5 | 0.028 * |
ALT ** [IU/L] | 75.87 ± 176.89; 25.0 | 118.22 ± 281.05, 38.5 | 0.351 |
Number (%) | Survived (n = 27) | Died (n = 18) | p in Chi-Square Test |
---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 convalescent plasma | 7 (26.92%) | 4 (23.53%) | 0.803 |
Tocilizumab | 2 (8%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0.793 |
Remdesivir | 5 (19.23%) | 6 (33.33%) | 0.288 |
Steroid therapy | 27 (100%) | 16 (88.88%) | 0.076 |
Anticoagulants | 24 (92.30%) | 13 (72.22%) | 0.073 |
Immunoglobulins | 7 (25.92%) | 8 (44.44%) | 0.196 |
Muscle relaxants | 11 (40.74%) | 10 (55.55%) | 0.329 |
Parameter [Mean ± SD; Median] | Ventilated Patients Who Survived (n = 21) | Ventilated Patients Who Died (n = 17) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Time between positive test and hospitalisation in the ICU [days] | 1.63 ± 2.63, 2.13 | 5.24 ± 10.59, 1 | 0.247 |
First-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 206.72 ± 147.89, 153.0 | 122.70 ± 151.86, 56.0 | 0.007 * |
Third-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 232.29 ± 179.71, 180.0 | 145.07 ± 142.96, 96.0 | 0.086 |
Fifth-day oxygen index [mmHg] | 229.86 ± 178.88, 158.5 | 143.87 ± 135.10, 84.5 | 0.124 |
First-day lung injury score | 2.52 ± 1.81, 2.0 | 3.0 ± 1.35, 3.0 | 0.106 |
Third-day lung injury score | 2.62 ± 1.44, 2.3 | 2.47 ± 1.03, 3.0 | 0.909 |
Fifth-day lung injury score | 2.213 ± 1.34,2.1 | 2.59 ± 0.87, 3.0 | 0.48 |
First-day pSOFA | 6.62 ± 2.78, 6.0 | 9.17 ± 3.16, 9.0 | 0.043 * |
Third-day pSOFA | 6.47 ± 3.33, 5.0 | 10.33 ± 3.24, 10.0 | 0.020 * |
Fifth-day pSOFA | 6.0 ± 3.10, 5.0 | 11.22 ± 4.24, 11.0 | 0.005 * |
WBC ** [×109 per L] | 10.86 ± 7.17; 9.69 | 18.22 ± 10.10, 6.45 | 0.868 |
PLT ** [×109 per L] | 202.82 ± 113.68, 197.0 | 162.0 ± 171.74, 142.0 | 0.985 |
HGB ** [g/dL] | 10.91 ± 3.75, 9.8 | 10.2 ± 1.51, 10.5 | 0.126 |
Procalcitonin ** [ng/mL] | 7.21 ± 8.96, 2.34 | 0.6 ± 17.33, 0.37 | 0.118 |
C-reactive protein ** [mg/L] | 58.85 ± 106.87, 12.48 | 13.73 ± 77.61, 17.4 | 0.235 |
D-dimer ** [ng FEU/mL] | 3573.71 ± 4953.15, 1900.0 | 429.0 ± 3343.09, 1485.5 | 0.897 |
Creatynine ** [mg/dL] | 0.59 ± 0.87, 0.26 | 0.27 ± 0.32, 0.37 | 0.231 |
Urea ** [mg/dL] | 48.70 ± 54.35, 32.0 | 8.0 ± 18.06, 24.0 | 0.362 |
Ferritine [µg/L] | 1837.64 ± 5594.13, 152.65 | 1112.53 ± 1431.25, 430.75 | 0.650 |
LDH [U/L] | 652.88 ± 526.68, 489.0 | 817.23 ± 678.26, 505.0 | 0.257 |
Troponin [pg/mL] | 41.65 ± 59.86, 16.95 | 384.0 ± 2293.97, 205 | 0.130 |
NT proBNP [pg/mL] | 10565.47 ± 15675.56, 2100.0 | 918.5 ± 441.94,918.5 | 0.932 |
IL-6 [pg/mL] | 74.22 ± 149.74, 18.08 | 7.54 ± 124.83, 51.27 | 0.798 |
Lactate [mmol/L] | 2.95 ± 3.80, 1.7 | 17.76 ± 48.76, 3.26 | 0.092 |
AST on the 1st day [IU/L] | 81.90± 135.85, 41.0 | 117.23 ± 142.36, 77.0 | 0.039 * |
ALT on the 1st day [IU/L] | 72.0 ± 166.48, 25.5 | 39.0 ± 281.05, 38.5 | 0.217 |
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Damps, M.; Byrska-Maciejasz, E.; Kowalska, M.; Rosada-Kurasińska, J.; Rybojad, B.; Sordyl, J.; Zielińska, M.; Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, A.; on behalf of the PAPITCO-19 Group. COVID-19 in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Poland, PAPITCO-19 Study (Polish Analysis of PICU Trends during COVID-19). J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3983. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123983
Damps M, Byrska-Maciejasz E, Kowalska M, Rosada-Kurasińska J, Rybojad B, Sordyl J, Zielińska M, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, on behalf of the PAPITCO-19 Group. COVID-19 in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Poland, PAPITCO-19 Study (Polish Analysis of PICU Trends during COVID-19). Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):3983. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123983
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamps, Maria, Elżbieta Byrska-Maciejasz, Małgorzata Kowalska, Jowita Rosada-Kurasińska, Beata Rybojad, Joanna Sordyl, Marzena Zielińska, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, and on behalf of the PAPITCO-19 Group. 2023. "COVID-19 in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Poland, PAPITCO-19 Study (Polish Analysis of PICU Trends during COVID-19)" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 3983. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123983