Risk Factors of Adverse Maternal Outcome among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Critically Ill Pregnant Women in Serbia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Variables X ± SD/n (%) | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | ||||
Pandemic wave | Wave 1 (beta VOC) | 61 (31.8%) | 61 (33.0%) | 0 (0%) | a p = 0.121 |
Wave 2 (alpha VOC) | 38 (19.8%) | 37 (20.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | ||
Wave 3 (gamma VOC) | 47 (24.5%) | 45 (24.3%) | 2 (28.6%) | ||
Wave 4 (delta VOC) | 46 (23.9%) | 42 (22.7%) | 4 (57.1%) | ||
Age (years) | 30.69 ± 5.34 | 30.63 ± 5.39 | 32.29 ± 3.68 | b p = 0.421 | |
Body mass Index (BMI) | 27.16 ± 3.70 | 27.10 ± 3.46 | 28.62 ± 8.13 | c p = 0.265 |
Study Variables X ± SD | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | |||
Days from COVID-19 symptom onset to hospital initiation (days) | 4.72 ± 4.67 | 4.71 ± 4.74 | 5.0 ± 1.63 | a p = 0.268 |
Hospital stay length without ICU (days) | 6.96 ± 6.07 | 6.39 ± 5.13 | 22.0 ± 9.64 | a p < 0.001 * |
ICU duration (days) | 1.31 ± 4.87 | 0.86 ± 4.04 | 13.14 ± 9.17 | a p < 0.001 * |
Study Variables n (%) | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | |||
Red or irritated eyes | 7 (3.6%) | 7 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | a p = 0.600 |
Sore throat | 40 (20.8%) | 39 (21.1%) | 1 (14.3%) | a p = 0.664 |
Body temperature > 38 °C on admission | 107 (55.7%) | 100 (54.1%) | 7 (100%) | a p = 0.016 * |
Cough | 88 (46.1%) | 82 (44.6%) | 6 (85.7%) | a p = 0.036 * |
Dyspnea | 39 (20.3%) | 33 (17.8%) | 6 (85.7%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Headache | 28 (14.6%) | 26 (14.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | a p = 0.285 |
Smell lost | 57 (29.7%) | 54 (29.2%) | 3 (42.9%) | a p = 0.437 |
Taste loss | 53 (27.6%) | 50 (27.0%) | 3 (42.9%) | a p = 0.358 |
Fatigue | 87 (45.3%) | 81 (43.8%) | 6 (85.7%) | a p = 0.029 * |
Diarrhoea | 6 (3.1%) | 6 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | a p = 0.628 |
Study Variables n (%) | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | |||
Clinical endpoints | ||||
Nosocomial infection | 20 (10.4%) | 13 (7.0%) | 7 (100%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Pulmonary embolism | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Postpartum haemorrhage | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (28.6%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Progression of COVID-19 disease | 32 (16.8%) | 25 (13.6%) | 7 (100%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Study Variables X ± SD/n (%) | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | |||
Computed tomography (CT) performed | 50 (26.0%) | 45 (24.3%) | 5 (71.4%) | a p = 0.600 |
CT severity score | 10.82 ± 6.56 | 10.42 ± 6.75 | 14.40 ± 2.61 | b p = 0.087 |
X-ray confirmed pneumonia upon hospital admission | 63 (33.0%) | 59 (32.1%) | 4 (57.1%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Study Variables X ± SD/n (%) | Total Number of Subjects | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | |||
Patients requiring mechanical ventilation | 35 (18.2%) | 28 (15.1%) | 7 (100%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 2.03 ± 5.83 | 1.42 ± 4.71 | 17.86 ± 9.56 | b p < 0.001 * |
Use of antibiotics before the hospitalization | 103 (2.6%) | 99 (53.5%) | 4 (57.1%) | a p = 0.850 |
Average number of antibiotics administrated per patient | 1.72 ± 1.42 | 1.57 ± 1.19 | 5.71 ± 1.25 | b p < 0.001 * |
Corticosteroids use | 25 (13.00%) | 18 (9.7%) | 7 (100%) | a p < 0.001 * |
Study Variables X ± SD/n (%) | Comparisons between Two Groups of Subjects Infected with COVID-19 | Statistical Significance | |
---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | ||
Pregnancy related feature | |||
Gestational age (days) | 258.23 ± 49.16 | 192.14 ± 88.46 | a p < 0.001 * |
Gestational hypertension | 19 (10.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | b p < 0.034 * |
Preeclampsia | 8 (4.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | b p = 0.004 * |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 14 (7.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | b p = 1.000 |
Anemia | 67 (36.2%) | 4 (57.1%) | b p = 0.427 |
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Mihajlovic, S.; Trifunovic Kubat, J.; Nikolic, D.; Santric-Milicevic, M.; Milicic, B.; Dimic, N.; Lackovic, M. Risk Factors of Adverse Maternal Outcome among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Critically Ill Pregnant Women in Serbia. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123902
Mihajlovic S, Trifunovic Kubat J, Nikolic D, Santric-Milicevic M, Milicic B, Dimic N, Lackovic M. Risk Factors of Adverse Maternal Outcome among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Critically Ill Pregnant Women in Serbia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123902
Chicago/Turabian StyleMihajlovic, Sladjana, Jelena Trifunovic Kubat, Dejan Nikolic, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Biljana Milicic, Nemanja Dimic, and Milan Lackovic. 2023. "Risk Factors of Adverse Maternal Outcome among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Critically Ill Pregnant Women in Serbia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123902