Epidemiological and Clinical Features in Very Old Men and Women (≥80 Years) Hospitalized with Aortic Stenosis in Spain, 2016–2019: Results from the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Population
2.3. Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Patients Admitted for Aortic Stenosis by Age Group
3.2. Comparison of Patients Admitted for Aortic Stenosis by Sex and Age Group
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total n (%) | Age Group | p Values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80–84 Years n (%) | 85–89 Years n (%) | 90–94 Years n (%) | 95–99 Years n (%) | 80–84 Years vs. 85–89 Years | 85–89 Years vs. 90–94 Years | 90–94 Years vs. 95–99 Years | ||
N discharges | 46,967 | 22,117 | 17,390 | 6385 | 1075 | |||
N discharges per 1000 inhabitants | 16.5 | 15.6 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 11.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Elective admissions | 13,595 (28.9) | 8693 (39.3) | 4198 (24.1) | 656 (10.3) | 48 (4.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||
Men | 20,209 (43) | 10,519 (47.5) | 7206 (41.4) | 2195 (34.3) | 289 (26.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Women | 26,758 (57) | 11,598 (52.5) | 10,184 (58.6) | 4190 (65.7) | 786 (73.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||||
0–5 | 22,407 (47.7) | 12,140 (54.9) | 8949 (51.5) | 1147 (18) | 171 (15.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.057 |
≥6 | 24,560 (52.3) | 9977 (45.1) | 8441 (48.5) | 5238 (82.0) | 904 (84.1) | |||
Median (IQR) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (5–7) | 7 (6–8) | 7 (6–8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.48 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Congestive heart failure | 19,603 (41.7) | 7339 (33.2) | 7911 (45.5) | 3657 (57.3) | 696 (64.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Moderate-severe kidney failure | 12,560 (26.7) | 5376 (24.3) | 4766 (27.4) | 2042 (32) | 376 (35.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
Diabetes mellitus | 12,120 (25.8) | 6518 (29.5) | 4278 (24.6) | 1209 (18.9) | 115 (10.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3733 (7.9) | 1965 (8.9) | 1318 (7.6) | 406 (6.4) | 44 (4.1) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2702 (5.8) | 1356 (6.1) | 958 (5.5) | 331 (5.2) | 57 (5.3) | 0.005 | 0.17 | 0.46 |
Acute myocardial infarction | 2340 (5) | 1102 (5) | 893 (5.1) | 304 (4.7) | 41 (3.8) | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.096 |
Tumor (<5 years) | 2270 (4.8) | 1092 (4.9) | 846 (4.9) | 281 (4.4) | 51 (4.7) | 0.38 | 0.072 | 0.33 |
Diabetes with organ damage | 2164 (4.6) | 1136 (5.1) | 779 (4.5) | 224 (3.5) | 25 (2.3) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.025 |
Dementia | 1653 (3.5) | 550 (2.5) | 673 (3.9) | 358 (5.6) | 72 (6.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Mild chronic hepatopathy | 812 (1.7) | 429 (1.9) | 296 (1.7) | 79 (1.2) | 8 (0.7) | 0.044 | 0.006 | 0.10 |
Peripheral artery disease (lower limb ischemia) | 951 (2) | 530 (2.4) | 321 (1.8) | 91 (1.4) | 9 (0.8) | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.074 |
Connective tissue disease | 838 (1.8) | 364 (1.6) | 343 (2) | 113 (1.8) | 18 (1.7) | 0.008 | 0.17 | 0.47 |
Moderate-severe liver disease | 307 (0.7) | 183 (0.8) | 199 (0.6) | 21 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.54 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 268 (0.6) | 147 (0.7) | 94 (0.5) | 25 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 0.066 | 0.09 | 0.23 |
Leukemia | 225 (0.5) | 109 (0.5) | 79 (0.5) | 29 (0.5) | 8 (0.7) | 0.32 | 0.54 | 0.15 |
Lymphoma | 141 (0.3) | 74 (0.3) | 52 (0.3) | 14 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.34 |
Hemiplegia | 134 (0.3) | 71 (0.3) | 41 (0.2) | 22 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.069 | 0.096 | 0.032 |
Gastroduodenal ulcer | 109 (0.2) | 55 (0.2) | 35 (0.2) | 18 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.22 |
AIDS | 7 (0) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.54 | 0.71 | 0.86 |
Main admission service | ||||||||
Cardiology | 21,280 (45.3) | 11,302 (51.1) | 8079 (46.5) | 1745 (27.3) | 154 (14.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Internal medicine | 15,805 (33.7) | 5259 (23.8) | 6496 (37.4) | 3377 (52.9) | 673 (62.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Cardiac surgery | 3527 (7.5) | 3014 (13.6) | 482 (2.8) | 31 (0.5) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
Others | 6355 (13.5) | 2542 (11.4) | 2333 (13.4) | 1232 (19.2) | 248 (23) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
Outcomes | ||||||||
Length of hospital stay in days, median (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 5 (3–11) | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.66 |
Hospital discharge at home | 40,742 (86.7) | 19,582 (88.5) | 15,069 (86.7) | 5254 (82.3) | 837 (77.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
In-hospital mortality rate | 3575 (7.6) | 1146 (5.2) | 1422 (8.2) | 820 (12.8) | 187 (17.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Mortality per 1000 population | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.49 |
Variables | Total (N = 46,967) n (%) | Age Group | p Values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80–84 Years (N = 22,117) n (%) | 85–89 Years (N = 17,390) n (%) | 90–94 Years (N = 6385) n (%) | 95–99 Years (N = 1075) n (%) | 80–84 Years vs. 85–89 Years | 85–89 Years vs. 90–94 Years | 90–94 Years vs. 95–99 Years | ||
Symptoms | ||||||||
Heart failure | 16,124 (34.3) | 5758 (26.0) | 6606 (38.0) | 3152 (49.3) | 608 (56.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Angina pectoris | 1665 (3.5) | 791 (3.5) | 634 (3.6) | 207 (3.2) | 33 (3) | 0.37 | 0.073 | 0.43 |
Syncope | 1520 (3.2) | 640 (2.8) | 637 (3.6) | 217 (3.3) | 26 (2.4) | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.053 |
Diagnostic procedures | ||||||||
Coronary catheterization | 7021 (14.9) | 4367 (19.7) | 2331 (13.4) | 314 (4.9) | 9 (0.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Echocardiogram | 15,991 (34.0) | 8222 (37.2) | 5911 (34) | 1621 (25.4) | 237 (22.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Aortic valve replacement procedures | ||||||||
Transcatheter | 5951 (12.7) | 3163 (14.3) | 2439 (14.0) | 344 (5.4) | 5 (0.5) | 0.22 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Open procedure | 2839 (6) | 2541 (11.5) | 296 (1.7) | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.73 |
Endoscopic * | 322 (0.7) | 205 (0.9) | 106 (0.6) | 11 (0.2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Variables | Total | 80–84 Years | 85–89 Years | 90–94 Years | 95–99 Years | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | |
N discharges | 46,967 | 20,209 | 26,758 | 10,519 | 11,598 | 7206 | 10,184 | 2195 | 4190 | 289 | 786 |
N discharges per 1000 inhabitants | 13.1 | 11.3 | 14.8 | 18.3 | 13.7 | 21.3 | 17 | 18.3 | 15.2 | 12.1 | 10.9 |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.144 | ||||||
Age (IQR) | 85 (6) | 84 (5) | 85 (5) | ||||||||
p value | <0.001 | ||||||||||
Elective admissions | 13,595 (28.9) | 6372 (31.4) | 7223 (26.9) | 4220 (40.1) | 4473 (38.6) | 1845 (25.6) | 2353 (23.1) | 296 (13.5) | 360 (8.6) | 11 (3.8) | 37 (4.7) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.33 | ||||||
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||||||||||
0–5 | 22,407 (47.7) | 9259 (45.8) | 13,148 (49) | 5400 (51.3) | 6740 (58.1) | 3402 (47.2) | 5547 (54.2) | 1928 (87.8) | 3637 (86.8) | 50 (17.3) | 121 (15.4) |
≥6 | 24,560 (52.3) | 10,950 (54.2) | 13,610 (50.9) | 5119 (48.7) | 4858 (41.9) | 3804 (52.8) | 4637 (45.5) | 267 (12.2) | 553 (13.2) | 239 (82.7) | 665 (84.6) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.25 | ||||||
Median (IQR) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–7) | 7 (6–8) | 6 (6–8) | 7 (6–8) | 6 (6–8) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.27 | ||||||
Comorbidities | |||||||||||
Congestive heart failure | 19,603 (41.7) | 7359 (36.4) | 12,244 (45.8) | 3148 (29.9) | 4191 (36.1) | 2922 (40.5) | 4989 (49) | 1126 (51.3) | 2531 (60.4) | 163 (56.4) | 533 (67.8) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Moderate-severe kidney failure | 12,560 (26.7) | 5718 (28.3) | 6842 (25.6) | 2733 (26) | 2643 (22.8) | 2124 (29.5) | 2642 (25.9) | 751 (34.2) | 1291 (30.8) | 110 (38.1) | 266 (33.8) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.11 | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 12,120 (25.8) | 5430 (26.9) | 6690 (25) | 3187 (30.3) | 3331 (28.7) | 1810 (25.1) | 2468 (24.2) | 403 (18.4) | 806 (19.2) | 30 (10.4) | 85 (10.8) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.094 | 0.21 | 0.47 | ||||||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3733 (7.9) | 2990 (14.8) | 743 (2.8) | 1635 15.5) | 330 (2.8) | 1028 (14.3) | 290 (2.8) | 304 (13.8) | 102 (2.4) | 23 (8) | 21 (2.7) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 2702 (5.8) | 1288 (6.4) | 1414 (5.3) | 707 (6.7) | 649 (5.6) | 435 (6) | 523 (5.1) | 125 (5.7) | 206 (4.9) | 21 (7.3) | 36 (4.6) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.102 | 0.059 | ||||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 2340 (5.0) | 1409 (7.0) | 931 (3.5) | 716 (6.8) | 386 (3.3) | 526 (7.3) | 367 (3.6) | 152 (6.9) | 152 (3.6) | 15 (5.2) | 26 (3.3) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 | ||||||
Tumors (previous five years) | 2270 (4.8) | 1439 (7.1) | 831 (3.1) | 717 (6.8) | 375 (3.2) | 536 (7.4) | 310 (3) | 163 (7.4) | 118 (2.8) | 23 (8) | 28 (3.6) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||||
Diabetes with organ damage | 2164 (4.6) | 978 (4.8) | 1186 (4.4) | 548 (5.2) | 588 (5.1) | 353 (4.9) | 426 (4.2) | 71 (3.2) | 153 (3.7) | 6 (2.1) | 19 (2.4) |
p value | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.014 | 0.22 | 0.47 | ||||||
Dementia | 1653 (3.5) | 500 (2.5) | 1153 (4.3) | 180 (1.7) | 370 (3.2) | 219 (3) | 454 (4.5) | 89 (4.1) | 269 (6.4) | 12 (4.2) | 60 (7.6) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.026 | ||||||
Mild chronic liver disease | 812 (1.7) | 382 (1.9) | 430 (1.6) | 224 (2.1) | 205 (1.8) | 128 (1.8) | 168 (1.6) | 28 (1.3) | 51 (1.2) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (0.8) |
p value | 0.011 | 0.029 | 0.28 | 0.46 | 0.63 | ||||||
Peripheral artery disease (lower limb ischemia) | 951 (2.0) | 680 (3.4) | 271 (1) | 413 (3.9) | 117 (1) | 213 (3) | 108 (1.1) | 53 (2.4) | 38 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 8 (1) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.26 | ||||||
Connective tissue disease | 838 (1.8) | 314 (1.6) | 524 (2) | 146 (1.4) | 218 (1.9) | 124 (1.7) | 219 (2.2) | 35 (1.6) | 78 (1.9) | 9 (3.1) | 9 (1.1) |
p value | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.025 | 0.25 | 0.03 | ||||||
Moderate-severe hepatopathy | 307 (0.7) | 127 (0.6) | 180 (0.7) | 81 (0.8) | 102 (0.9) | 35 (0.5) | 62 (0.6) | 7 (0.3) | 14 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
p value | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 0.61 | ||||||
Metastatic solid tumor | 268 (0.6) | 171 (0.6) | 97 (0.4) | 101 (1) | 46 (0.4) | 58 (0.8) | 36 (0.4) | 12 (0.5) | 13 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.53 | ||||||
Leukemia | 225 (0.5) | 114 (0.6) | 111 (0.6) | 68 (0.6) | 41 (0.4) | 35 (0.5) | 44 (0.4) | 10 (0.5) | 19 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 7 (0.9) |
p value | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.34 | 0.57 | 0.32 | ||||||
Lymphoma | 141 (0.3) | 68 (0.3) | 73 (0.3) | 40 (0.4) | 34 (0.3) | 23 (0.3) | 29 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 9 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
p value | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 0.73 | ||||||
Hemiplegia | 134 (0.3) | 57 (0.3) | 77 (0.3) | 32 (0.3) | 39 (0.3) | 18 (0.2) | 23 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 15 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
p value | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.50 | — | ||||||
Gastroduodenal ulcer | 109 (0.2) | 45 (0.2) | 64 (0.2) | 21 (0.2) | 34 (0.3) | 19 (0.3) | 16 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | 13 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
p value | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.085 | 0.38 | 0.73 | ||||||
AIDS | 7 (0) | 4 (0) | 3 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
p value | 0.35 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.66 | — | ||||||
Main admission service | |||||||||||
Cardiology | 21,280 (45.3) | 9856 (48.8) | 11,424 (42.7) | 5473 (52) | 5829 (50.3) | 3591 (49.8) | 4488 (44.1) | 743 (33.8) | 1002 (23.9) | 49 (16.9) | 105 (13.4) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.083 | ||||||
Internal medicine | 15,805 (33.7) | 5901 (29.2) | 9904 (37.0) | 2262 (21.5) | 2297 (25.8) | 2431 (33.7) | 4065 (39.9) | 1044 (47.5) | 2333 (55.6) | 164 (56.7) | 509 (64.8) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||||||
Cardiac surgery | 3527 (7.5) | 1872 (9.3) | 1655 (6.2) | 1596 (15.2) | 1418 (12.2) | 262 (3.6) | 220 (2.2) | 14 (0.0) | 17 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.14 | — | ||||||
Others | 6355 (13.5) | 2580 (12.7) | 3775 (14.1) | 1188 (11.2) | 2054 (17.7) | 922 (12.7) | 1411 (13.8) | 394 (17.9) | 838 (20) | 76 (26.2) | 172 (21.8) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.023 | 0.026 | 0.076 | ||||||
Outcomes | |||||||||||
Length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (4–10 | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–8) | 6 (3–9) |
p value | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.051 | 0.015 | 0.52 | ||||||
Hospital discharge at home | 40,742 (86.7) | 17,609 (87.1) | 23,133 (86.5) | 9317 (88.6) | 10,265 (88.5) | 6242 (86.6) | 8827 (86.7) | 1825 (83.1) | 3429 (81.8) | 225 (77.9) | 612 (77.9) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.052 | 0.004 | 0.52 | 0.63 | ||||||
Mortality | 3575 (7.6) | 1406 (6.9) | 2169 (8.1) | 531 (5) | 615 (5.3) | 562 (7.8) | 860 (8.4) | 267 (12.1) | 553 (13.1) | 46 (15.9) | 141 (17.9) |
p value | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.25 | ||||||
Mortality per 1000 inhabitants | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
p value | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.17 | 0.99 |
Total | 80–84 Years | 85–89 Years | 90–94 Years | 95–99 Years | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | ||
N discharges | 20,209 | 26,758 | 10,519 | 11,598 | 7206 | 10,184 | 2195 | 4190 | 289 | 786 | |
Symptoms | Heart failure | 5942 (29.4) | 10,182 (38.1) | 2432 (23.1) | 3326 (28.7) | 2402 (33.3) | 4204 (41.3) | 959 (43.7) | 2193 (52.3) | 149 (51.6) | 459 (58.4) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.027 | ||||||
Angina pectoris | 809 (4) | 856 (3.2) | 411 (3.9) | 380 (3.3) | 308 (4.3) | 326 (3.2) | 81 (3.7) | 126 (3) | 9 (3.1) | 24 (3.1) | |
p value | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.083 | 0.55 | ||||||
Syncope | 733 (3.6) | 787 (2.9) | 339 (3.2) | 301 (2.6) | 304 (4.2) | 333 (3.3) | 81 (3.7) | 136 (3.2) | 280 (3.1) | 17 (2.2) | |
p value | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.24 | ||||||
Diagnostic procedures | Coronary catheterization | 3451 (17.5) | 3480 (13.0) | 2269 (18.4) | 2098 (18.1) | 1113 (15.4) | 1218 (12.0) | 154 (7.0) | 160 (3.8) | 5 (1.7) | 4 (0.5) |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.064 | ||||||
Echocardiogram | 7288 (36.1) | 8703 (32.5) | 3969 (37.7) | 4253 (36.7) | 2623 (36.4) | 3288 (32.3) | 628 (28.6) | 993 (23.7) | 68 (23.5) | 169 (21.5) | |
p value | <0.001 | 0.053 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.26 | ||||||
Aortic valve replacement procedures | Transcatheter | 2617 (12.9) | 3334 (12.5) | 1431 (13.6) | 1732 (14.9) | 1026 (14.2) | 1413 (13.9) | 159 (7.2) | 185 (4.4) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) |
p value | 0.059 | 0.003 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.59 | ||||||
Open | 1488 (7.4) | 1351 (5.0) | 1329 (12.6) | 1212 (10.5) | 158 (2.2) | 138 (1.4) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.57 | — | ||||||
Endoscopic * | 138 (0.7) | 184 (0.7) | 87 (0.8) | 118 (1.0) | 43 (0.6) | 63 (0.6) | 8 (0.4) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
p value | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.011 | — |
Variables | Adjusted OR | p Value |
---|---|---|
Age | 1.032 (1.031–1.038) | <0.001 |
Comorbidity Charlson Index (age adjusted) ≥ 6 | 1.22 (1.06–1.20) | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||
Congestive heart failure | 1.29 (1.21–1.39) | <0.001 |
Moderate-severe kidney failure | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | 0.030 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.78 (0.72–0.89) | <0.001 |
Acute myocardial infarction | 0.49 (0.45–0.53) | <0.001 |
Tumor (previous five years) | 0.34 (0.30–0.37) | <0.001 |
Diabetes with organ damage | 1.01 (0.921.12) | 0.75 |
Dementia | 1.46 (1.30–1.63) | <0.001 |
Mild chronic hepatopathy | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 0.031 |
Peripheral artery disease (lower limb ischemia) | 0.33 (0.28–0.38) | <0.001 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 0.85 |
Leukemia | 1.74 (1.30–2.32) | <0.001 |
Hospital admission | ||
Cardiology | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | <0.001 |
Internal medicine | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.85 |
Cardiac surgery | 0.82 (0.76–0.87) | <0.001 |
Elective admission | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | <0.001 |
Death | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.63 |
Symptomatology | ||
Heart failure | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 0.13 |
Syncope | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | <0.001 |
Angina pectoris | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 0.10 |
Procedures | ||
Open aortic valve replacement | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.24 |
Coronary catheterization | 0.81 (0.77–0.87) | <0.001 |
Echocardiogram | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | 0.007 |
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Palacios-Fernandez, S.; Salcedo, M.; Belinchon-Romero, I.; Gonzalez-Alcaide, G.; Ramos-Rincón, J.-M. Epidemiological and Clinical Features in Very Old Men and Women (≥80 Years) Hospitalized with Aortic Stenosis in Spain, 2016–2019: Results from the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5588. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195588
Palacios-Fernandez S, Salcedo M, Belinchon-Romero I, Gonzalez-Alcaide G, Ramos-Rincón J-M. Epidemiological and Clinical Features in Very Old Men and Women (≥80 Years) Hospitalized with Aortic Stenosis in Spain, 2016–2019: Results from the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(19):5588. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195588
Chicago/Turabian StylePalacios-Fernandez, Sergio, Mario Salcedo, Isabel Belinchon-Romero, Gregorio Gonzalez-Alcaide, and José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón. 2022. "Epidemiological and Clinical Features in Very Old Men and Women (≥80 Years) Hospitalized with Aortic Stenosis in Spain, 2016–2019: Results from the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19: 5588. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195588