Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Overview
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Participant Characteristics
2.5. Participant Flow
2.6. Materials
Information Formats
2.7. Measures
2.7.1. Informed Choice
2.7.2. Relevance of Information
2.8. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Informed Choice and Risk and Health Literacy for Text-Based and Graphical Formats
3.3. Differences between Age Groups
3.4. Relevance of Information
3.5. Soft-Launch Data: Pre–Post Differences
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Text-Based Format (n = 249) | Graphical Format (n = 251) | |
---|---|---|
Age mean (SD) | 55.80 (14.03) | 56.23 (12.92) |
Female | 123 (49%) | 134 (53%) a |
Education | ||
No formal degree | 16 (6%) | 8 (3%) |
Lower secondary school certificate | 77 (31%) | 79 (32%) |
Secondary school certificate | 93 (37%) | 104 (41%) |
A-levels/technical college entrance qualification | 50 (20%) | 35 (14%) |
University degree | 13 (5%) | 25 (10%) |
Pre-Existing Condition | Frequency | |
---|---|---|
Text-Based Format (n = 174) (%) | Graphical Format (n = 176) (%) | |
Cancer | ||
Blood, lymph gland cancer | 22 (13%) | 17 (10%) |
Breast cancer | 3 (2%) | 7 (4%) |
Bowel cancer | 9 (5%) | 3 (2%) |
Urinary bladder, kidney, urinary tract cancer | 5 (3%) | 5 (3%) |
Lung cancer | 7 (4%) | 6 (3%) |
Malignant melanoma of the skin | 5 (3%) | 5 (3%) |
Chronic diseases | ||
Diabetes mellitus type 1 | 21 (12%) | 15 (9%) |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 27 (16%) | 25 (14%) |
Chronic heart disease | 22 (13%) | 19 (11%) |
Chronic lung disease | 20 (11%) | 23 (13%) |
Chronic renal failure | 19 (11%) | 17 (10%) |
Chronic liver disease | 16 (9%) | 18 (10%) |
Chronic neurological diseases | 1 (1%) | 3 (2%) |
Severe overweight | 6 (3%) | 5 (3%) |
Autoimmune diseases | ||
Severe rheumatism | 18 (10%) | 18 (10%) |
Severe psoriasis | 14 (8%) | 14 (8%) |
HIV | 24 (14%) | 32 (18%) |
Other autoimmune diseases or diseases with impaired immune function | 0 | 5 (3%) |
Therapy that limits immune system function | 109 (63%) | 102 (58%) |
Informed Choice | Risk and Health Literacy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Prevention | Early Detection | Prevention | Early Detection | |
Uninformed/inadequate n (%) | 127 (25%) | 95 (19%) | 90 (18%) | 85 (17%) |
Informed/adequate n (%) | 373 (75%) | 405 (81%) | 410 (82%) | 415 (83%) |
Informed Choice | Risk and Health Literacy | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevention | Early Detection | Prevention | Early Detection | ||||||||||
Uninformed | Informed | p | Uninformed | Informed | p | Inadequate | Adequate | p | Inadequate | Adequate | p | ||
<60 years (n = 235) | text-based (n = 115) | 11 | 104 | 0.005 * | 6 | 109 | 0.027 * | 4 | 111 | 0.108 | 5 | 110 | 0.054 |
graphical (n = 120) | 28 | 92 | 17 | 103 | 11 | 109 | 14 | 106 | |||||
≥60 years (n = 265) | text-based (n = 134) | 43 | 91 | 0.794 | 30 | 104 | 0.097 | 34 | 100 | 0.340 | 28 | 106 | 0.155 |
graphical (n = 131) | 45 | 86 | 42 | 89 | 41 | 90 | 38 | 93 |
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Debbeler, L.J.; Pohrt, A.; Fleischmann-Struzek, C.; Schwarzkopf, D.; Born, S.; Reinhart, K.; Wegwarth, O. Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3659. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133659
Debbeler LJ, Pohrt A, Fleischmann-Struzek C, Schwarzkopf D, Born S, Reinhart K, Wegwarth O. Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(13):3659. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133659
Chicago/Turabian StyleDebbeler, Luka Johanna, Anne Pohrt, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Daniel Schwarzkopf, Sebastian Born, Konrad Reinhart, and Odette Wegwarth. 2022. "Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13: 3659. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133659
APA StyleDebbeler, L. J., Pohrt, A., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Schwarzkopf, D., Born, S., Reinhart, K., & Wegwarth, O. (2022). Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3659. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133659