The Impact of Myosteatosis Percentage on Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Cohort Population
3.2. Distribution of Myosteatosis Area and Percentage
3.3. Risk Factors of Short-Term Mortality
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Rudd, K.E.; Johnson, S.C.; Agesa, K.M.; Shackelford, K.A.; Tsoi, D.; Kievlan, D.R.; Colombara, D.V.; Ikuta, K.S.; Kissoon, N.; Finfer, S.; et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: Analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet 2020, 395, 200–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Singer, M.; Deutschman, C.S.; Seymour, C.W.; Shankar-Hari, M.; Annane, D.; Bauer, M.; Bellomo, R.; Bernard, G.R.; Chiche, J.-D.; Coopersmith, C.M.; et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 2016, 315, 801–810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akahori, T.; Sho, M.; Kinoshita, S.; Nagai, M.; Nishiwada, S.; Tanaka, T.; Tamamoto, T.; Ohbayashi, C.; Hasegawa, M.; Kichikawa, K.; et al. Prognostic significance of muscle attenuation in pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. World J. Surg. 2015, 39, 2975–2982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chu, M.P.; Lieffers, J.; Ghosh, S.; Belch, A.; Chua, N.S.; Fontaine, A.; Sangha, R.; Turner, R.A.; Baracos, V.E.; Sawyer, M.B. Skeletal muscle density is an independent predictor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcomes treated with rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017, 8, 298–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dijksterhuis, W.P.M.; Pruijt, M.J.; Woude, S.O.; Klaassen, R.; Kurk, S.A.; Oijen, M.G.H.; Laarhoven, H.W.M. Association between body composition, survival, and toxicity in advanced esophagogastric cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019, 10, 199–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, J.; Gil, J.R.; Shin, Y.; Won, S.E.; Huh, J.; You, M.-W.; Park, H.J.; Sung, Y.S.; Kim, K.W. Reliable and robust method for abdominal muscle mass quantification using CT/MRI: An explorative study in healthy subjects. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0222042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cruz-Jentoft, A.J.; Bahat, G.; Bauer, J.; Boirie, Y.; Bruyère, O.; Cederholm, T.; Cooper, C.; Landi, F.; Rolland, Y.; Sayer, A.A.; et al. Writing group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: Revised european consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2018, 48, 16–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Shen, W.; Punyanitya, M.; Wang, Z.; Gallagher, D.; St.-Onge, M.-P.; Albu, J.; Heymsfield, S.B.; Heshka, S. Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: Estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 97, 2333–2338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, K.; Shin, Y.; Huh, J.; Sung, Y.S.; Lee, I.-S.; Yoon, K.-H.; Kim, K.W. Recent issues on body composition imaging for sarcopenia evaluation. Korean J. Radiol. 2018, 20, 205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.-J.; Seo, D.-W.; Kang, J.; Huh, J.W.; Kim, K.W.; Kim, W.Y. Impact of body composition status on 90-day mortality in cancer patients with septic shock: Sex differences in the skeletal muscle index. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kaibori, M.; Ishizaki, M.; Iida, H.; Matsui, K.; Sakaguchi, T.; Inoue, K.; Mizuta, T.; Ide, Y.; Iwasaka, J.; Kimura, Y.; et al. Effect of intramuscular adipose tissue content on prognosis in patients undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma resection. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2015, 19, 1315–1323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miljkovic, I.; Cauley, J.A.; Wang, P.Y.; Holton, K.F.; Lee, C.G.; Sheu, Y.; Barrett-Connor, E.; Hoffman, A.R.; Lewis, C.B.; Orwoll, E.S.; et al. Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group. Abdominal myosteatosis is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older men without diabetes. Obesity 2013, 21, 2118–2125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Aubrey, J.; Esfandiari, N.; Baracos, V.E.; Buteau, F.A.; Frenette, J.; Putman, C.T.; Mazurak, V.C. Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation. Acta Physiol. 2014, 210, 489–497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Miljkovic, I.; Zmuda, J.M. Epidemiology of myosteatosis. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. 2010, 13, 260–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Okumura, S.; Kaido, T.; Hamaguchi, Y.; Kobayashi, A.; Shirai, H.; Fujimoto, Y.; Iida, T.; Yagi, S.; Taura, K.; Hatano, E.; et al. Impact of skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality, and visceral adiposity on outcomes following resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 24, 1037–1045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rier, H.N.; Jager, A.; Sleijfer, S.; van Rosmalen, J.; Kock, M.C.J.M.; Levin, M.-D. Low muscle attenuation is a prognostic factor for survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first line palliative chemotherapy. Breast 2017, 31, 9–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhanji, R.A.; Moctezuma-Velazquez, C.; Duarte-Rojo, A.; Ebadi, M.; Ghosh, S.; Rose, C.; Montano-Loza, A.J. Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol. Int. 2018, 12, 377–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- O’Brien, S.; Kavanagh, R.G.; Carey, B.W.; Maher, M.M.; O’Connor, O.J.; Andrews, E.J. The impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on postoperative outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur. Radiol. Exp. 2018, 2, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moisey, L.L.; Mourtzakis, M.; Cotton, B.A.; Premji, T.; Heyland, D.K.; Wade, C.E.; Bulger, E.; Kozar, R.A. Skeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit. Care 2013, 17, R206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mueller, N.; Murthy, S.; Tainter, C.R.; Lee, J.; Richard, K.; Fintelmann, F.J.; Grabitz, S.D.; Timm, F.P.; Levi, B.; Kurth, T.; et al. Can sarcopenia quantified by ultrasound of the rectus femoris muscle predict adverse outcome of surgical intensive care unit patients and frailty? A prospective, observational cohort study. Ann. Surg. 2016, 6, 1116–1124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shashaty, M.G.S.; Kalkan, E.; Bellamy, S.L.; Reilly, J.P.; Holena, D.N.; Cummins, K.; Lanken, P.N.; Feldman, H.I.; Reilly, M.P.; Udupa, J.K.; et al. Computed tomography–defined abdominal adiposity is associated with acute kidney injury in critically ill trauma patients. Crit. Care Med. 2014, 42, 1619–1628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Aleixo, G.F.P.; Shachar, S.S.; Nyrop, K.A.; Muss, H.B.; Castillo, L.M.; Williams, G.R. Myosteatosis and prognosis in cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hemat. 2020, 145, 102839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, J.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kim, W.Y. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of culture-negative and culture-positive septic shock: A single-center retrospective cohort study. Crit. Care 2021, 25, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rhodes, A.; Evans, L.E.; Alhazzani, W.; Levy, M.M.; Antonelli, M.; Ferrer, R.; Kumar, A.; Sevransky, J.E.; Sprung, C.L.; Nunnally, M.E.; et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Crit. Care Med. 2017, 45, 486–552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Casserly, B.; Phillips, G.S.; Schorr, C.; Dellinger, R.P.; Townsend, S.R.; Osborn, T.M.; Reinhart, K.; Selvakumar, N.; Levy, M.M. Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion. Crit. Care Med. 2015, 43, 567–573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, D.W.; Kim, K.W.; Ko, Y.; Park, T.; Khang, S.; Jeong, H.; Koo, K.; Lee, J.; Kim, H.-K.; Ha, J.; et al. Assessment of myosteatosis on computed tomography by automatic generation of a muscle quality map using a web-based toolkit: Feasibility study. JMIR Med. Inform. 2020, 8, e23049. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poltronieri, T.S.; Paula, N.S.; Chaves, G.V. Assessing skeletal muscle radiodensity by computed tomography: An integrative review of the applied methodologies. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2020, 40, 207–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prado, C.M.; Lieffers, J.R.; McCargar, L.J.; Reiman, T.; Sawyer, M.B.; Martin, L.; Baracos, V.E. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008, 9, 629–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Muscaritoli, M.; Anker, S.D.; Argilés, J.; Aversa, Z.; Bauer, J.M.; Biolo, G.; Boirie, Y.; Bosaeus, I.; Cederholm, T.; Costelli, P.; et al. Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: Joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “Cachexia-Anorexia in Chronic Wasting Diseases” and “Nutrition in Geriatrics”. Clin. Nutr. 2010, 29, 154–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Correa-de-Araujo, R.; Addison, O.; Miljkovic, I.; Goodpaster, B.H.; Bergman, B.C.; Clark, R.V.; Elena, J.W.; Esser, K.A.; Ferrucci, L.; Harris-Love, M.O.; et al. Myosteatosis in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit: An interdisciplinary workshop at the national institute on aging. Front. Physiol. 2020, 11, 963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montano-Loza, A.J.; Angulo, P.; Meza-Junco, J.; Prado, C.M.M.; Sawyer, M.B.; Beaumont, C.; Esfandiari, N.; Ma, M.; Baracos, V.E. Sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis are associated with higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016, 7, 126–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nachit, M.; Rudder, M.D.; Thissen, J.; Schakman, O.; Bouzin, C.; Horsmans, Y.; Velde, G.V.; Leclercq, I.A. Myosteatosis rather than sarcopenia associates with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease preclinical models. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021, 12, 144–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Reisinger, K.W.; van Vugt, J.L.A.; Tegels, J.J.W.; Snijders, C.; Hulsewé, K.W.E.; Hoofwijk, A.G.M.; Stoot, J.H.; Meyenfeldt, M.F.V.; Beets, G.L.; Derikx, J.P.M.; et al. Functional compromise reflected by sarcopenia, frailty, and nutritional depletion predicts adverse postoperative outcome after colorectal cancer surgery. Ann. Surg. 2015, 261, 345–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zoico, E.; Corzato, F.; Bambace, C.; Rossi, A.P.; Micciolo, R.; Cinti, S.; Harris, T.B.; Zamboni, M. Myosteatosis and myofibrosis: Relationship with aging, inflammation and insulin resistance. Arch. Gerontol. Geriat. 2013, 57, 411–416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Santosa, S.; Hensrud, D.D.; Votruba, S.B.; Jensen, M.D. The influence of sex and obesity phenotype on meal fatty acid metabolism before and after weight loss. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 4, 1134–1141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- White, U.A.; Tchoukalova, Y.D. Sex Dimorphism and depot differences in adipose tissue function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)—Mol. Basis Dis. 2014, 1842, 377–392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schorr, M.; Dichtel, L.E.; Gerweck, A.V.; Valera, R.D.; Torriani, M.; Miller, K.K.; Bredella, M.A. Sex differences in body composition and association with cardiometabolic risk. Biol. Sex. Differ. 2018, 9, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taaffe, D.R.; Cauley, J.A.; Danielson, M.; Nevitt, M.C.; Lang, T.F.; Bauer, D.C.; Harris, T.B. Race and sex effects on the association between muscle strength, soft tissue, and bone mineral density in healthy elders: The health, aging, and body composition study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2001, 7, 1343–1352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhuang, C.-L.; Shen, X.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Zhang, F.-M.; Chen, X.-Y.; Ma, L.-L.; Chen, X.-L.; Yu, Z.; Wang, S.-L. Myosteatosis predicts prognosis after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A propensity score–matched analysis from a large-scale cohort. Surgery 2019, 166, 297–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Characteristics | Total (n = 896) | Survivor (n = 750) | Non-Survivor (n = 146) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 67.0 (58.0–75.0) | 69.0 (60.0–76.0) | 63.5 (53.8–69.0) | 0.11 |
Male | 527 (58.8) | 433 (57.7) | 94 (64.4) | 0.14 |
Past illness | ||||
HTN | 299 (33.4) | 253 (33.7) | 46 (31.5) | 0.60 |
DM | 230 (25.7) | 195 (26.0) | 35 (24.0) | 0.61 |
CAD | 77 (8.6) | 69 (9.2) | 8 (5.5) | 0.14 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 47 (5.2) | 34 (4.5) | 13 (8.9) | 0.03 |
Malignancy | 377 (42.1) | 303 (40.4) | 74 (50.7) | 0.02 |
Hematologic disorder | 58 (6.5) | 41 (5.5) | 17 (11.6) | <0.01 |
CKD | 51 (5.7) | 45 (6.0) | 6 (4.1) | 0.37 |
LC | 139 (15.5) | 108 (14.4) | 31 (21.2) | 0.04 |
Site of infection | ||||
Unknown | 82 (9.2) | 67 (8.9) | 15 (10.3) | 0.61 |
Lung | 147 (16.4) | 112 (14.9) | 35 (24.0) | <0.01 |
Urinary tract | 141 (15.7) | 127 (16.9) | 14 (9.6) | 0.03 |
Intra-abdomen | 141 (15.7) | 108 (14.4) | 33 (22.6) | 0.01 |
Hepato-biliary-pancreas | 358 (40.0) | 311 (41.5) | 47 (32.2) | 0.04 |
Blood stream | 66 (7.4) | 51 (6.8) | 15 (10.3) | 0.20 |
Lactate level | 3.6 (1.9–5.8) | 3.2 (1.7–5.4) | 5.4 (2.6–9.2) | <0.01 |
SOFA score | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 10.0 (6.0–13.0) | <0.01 |
APACHE score | 15.0 (11.0–20.0) | 13.0 (11.0–23.0) | 17.0 (11.0–23.0) | <0.01 |
Sarcopenia | 567 (63.3) | 474 (63.2) | 93 (63.7) | 0.91 |
Myosteatosis | 732 (81.7) | 607 (80.9) | 125 (85.6) | 0.19 |
Body Composition | Total (n = 896) | Survivor (n = 750) | Non-Survivor (n = 146) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 (19.7–24.6) | 22.3 (19.7–24.6) | 21.9 (19.7–24.9) | 0.64 |
SFA, cm2 | 107.3 (65.7–157.0) | 110.0 (66.6–157.2) | 94.9 (56.6–150.5) | 0.07 |
VFA, cm2 | 101.0 (57.7–158.9) | 102.3 (57.4–160.4) | 90.9 (59.0–147.7) | 0.20 |
SMA, cm2 | 106.2 (90.6–125.6) | 106.1 (89.8–126.7) | 106.7 (93.8–119.6) | 0.76 |
1 SMI, cm2/m2 | 40.6 (36.3–46.0) | 40.6 (36.3–46.4) | 41.0 (36.0–44.6) | 0.67 |
Normal attenuation MA, cm2 | 56.8 (37.8–78.4) | 57.4 (39.6–79.7) | 52.8 (32.8–69.6) | <0.01 |
Intramuscular adipose tissue area, cm2 | 16.0 (9.6–23.2) | 16.3 (9.7–23.3) | 14.9 (9.2–22.6) | 0.42 |
Low attenuation MA, cm2 | 49.2 (36.8–60.9) | 47.6 (36.0–59.5) | 54.1 (42.7–66.4) | <0.01 |
1 Total abdominal MA, cm2 | 123.5 (109.2–142.1) | 123.2 (109.0–143.3) | 124.9 (109.9–136.2) | 0.59 |
2 Myosteatosis area, cm2 | 66.6 (47.5–84.1) | 65.9 (46.6–83.3) | 70.7 (55.2–90.5) | 0.03 |
3 Myosteatosis percentage, % | 0.53 (0.40–0.67) | 0.53 (0.39–0.66) | 0.57 (0.44–0.71) | <0.01 |
Male | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 (19.7–24.4) | 22.1 (19.7–24.4) | 21.6 (20.0–24.4) | 0.63 |
SFA, cm2 | 87.7 (52.6–131.1) | 88.8 (55.8–131.3) | 83.9 (49.6–123.8) | 0.26 |
VFA, cm2 | 110.1 (60.4–170.2) | 113.1 (59.0–171.7) | 97.2 (65.4–158.0) | 0.30 |
SMA, cm2 | 118.9 (105.3–137.2) | 120.3 (106.2–138.3) | 114.4 (101.0–125.9) | <0.01 |
1 SMI, cm2/m2 | 42.7 (38.5–49.3) | 42.8 (38.6–49.6) | 42.1 (37.4–46.0) | 0.07 |
Normal attenuation MA, cm2 | 70.2 (52.0–89.3) | 73.3 (54.3–92.2) | 60.3 (45.5–73.0) | <0.01 |
Intramuscular adipose tissue area, cm2 | 14.9 (8.6–21.1) | 14.9 (8.7–21.1) | 14.0 (7.5–21.7) | 0.57 |
Low attenuation MA, cm2 | 50.0 (36.6–62.8) | 49.0 (35.3–62.6) | 53.8 (44.8–65.0) | 0.02 |
1 Total abdominal MA, cm2 | 135.2 (120.4–152.6) | 138.4 (121.3–154.6) | 128.8 (115.1–144.7) | <0.01 |
2 Myosteatosis area, cm2 | 65.9 (46.3–84.1) | 65.5 (45.7–83.5) | 67.0 (55.2–86.4) | 0.13 |
3 Myosteatosis percentage, % | 47.7 (35.1–60.2) | 46.1 (33.7–59.4) | 51.8 (40.5–66.2) | <0.01 |
Female | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.6 (19.7–24.9) | 22.6 (19.7–24.8) | 22.4 (19.6–25.8) | 0.96 |
SFA, cm2 | 137.8 (93.8–181.4) | 138.4 (95.6–181.4) | 124.9 (81.0–186.6) | 0.53 |
VFA, cm2 | 91.1 (53.8–133.0) | 91.7 (55.6–136.4) | 85.4 (33.3–130.1) | 0.27 |
SMA, cm2 | 90.6 (80.0–100.8) | 90.9 (80.3–100.4) | 89.3 (79.1–104.0) | 0.51 |
1 SMI, cm2/m2 | 37.9 (34.1–41.7) | 37.8 (33.9–41.5) | 37.9 (34.1–43.6) | 0.60 |
Normal attenuation AMA, cm2 | 41.0 (28.2–55.9) | 42.4 (28.6–56.0) | 33.7 (23.5–53.3) | 0.08 |
Intramuscular adipose tissue area, cm2 | 17.9 (12.0–25.7) | 18.0 (11.9–25.5) | 16.8 (12.6–27.0) | 0.71 |
Low attenuation MA, cm2 | 48.0 (36.9–58.7) | 46.5 (36.6–57.8) | 54.3 (40.6–66.6) | <0.01 |
1 Total abdominal MA, cm2 | 109.8 (98.8–121.7) | 109.3 (98.7–120.9) | 114.8 (99.1–127.7) | 0.29 |
2 Myosteatosis area, cm2 | 67.3 (49.4–84.3) | 66.8 (48.7–83.0) | 75.2 (54.0–95.2) | 0.13 |
3 Myosteatosis percentage, % | 61.5 (47.8–75.1) | 60.9 (47.3–74.6) | 69.1 (53.1–77.7) | 0.05 |
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Male | ||||||
Age | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.49 | |||
Intra-abdominal infection | 1.63 | 0.86–3.11 | 0.13 | 1.92 | 1.06–3.47 | 0.03 |
Hepato-biliary-pancreas infection | 0.71 | 0.41–1.24 | 0.71 | |||
Blood stream infection | 2.58 | 0.93–7.16 | 0.07 | 2.72 | 0.99–7.49 | 0.06 |
Lactate | 1.20 | 1.11–1.29 | <0.01 | 1.19 | 1.11–1.28 | <0.01 |
SOFA | 1.11 | 1.02–1.20 | 0.01 | 1.13 | 1.06–1.21 | <0.01 |
APACHE | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.77 | |||
SMI | 0.96 | 0.94–0.99 | 0.02 | 0.96 | 0.93–0.98 | 0.03 |
myosteatosis percentage | 1.13 | 1.09–1.16 | 0.04 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 0.04 |
Female | ||||||
Age | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.60 | |||
Malignancy | 2.20 | 1.12–4.29 | 0.02 | 2.20 | 1.13–4.28 | 0.02 |
Lactate | 1.11 | 1.01–1.22 | 0.03 | 1.11 | 1.01–1.22 | 0.04 |
SOFA | 1.27 | 1.16–1.40 | <0.01 | 1.29 | 1.17–1.41 | <0.01 |
Myosteatosis percentage | 1.06 | 0.94–1.16 | 0.81 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kim, J.-s.; Ha, J.; Kim, Y.-J.; Ko, Y.; Park, T.; Kim, K.W.; Kim, W.Y. The Impact of Myosteatosis Percentage on Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3031. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113031
Kim J-s, Ha J, Kim Y-J, Ko Y, Park T, Kim KW, Kim WY. The Impact of Myosteatosis Percentage on Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3031. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113031
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, June-sung, Jiyeon Ha, Youn-Jung Kim, Yousun Ko, Taeyong Park, Kyung Won Kim, and Won Young Kim. 2022. "The Impact of Myosteatosis Percentage on Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3031. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113031