Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Database
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Ethics Approval
2.4. Study Outcome and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Incidence of Depression in Patients with and without PVT
3.3. Incidence of Anxiety Disorders in Patients with and without PVT
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Portal vein thrombosis | PVT |
cardiovascular diseases | CVDs |
Disease Analyzer database | IQVIA |
International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision | ICD–10 |
European Pharmaceutical Market Research Association | EPhMRA |
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification | ATC |
general practitioner | GP |
Hazard Ratio | HR |
gamma-aminobutyric acid | GABA |
brain-derived neurotrophic factor | BDNF |
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Variable | Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis (n = 547) | Patients without Portal Vein Thrombosis (n = 2735) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Women | 38.9 | 38.7 | 0.907 |
Men | 61.1 | 61.3 | |
Mean age in years (standard deviation) | 57.3 (16.1) | 57.5 (16.0) | 0.898 |
Age ≤50 years | 32.2 | 32.3 | 0.998 |
Age 51–60 years | 22.7 | 22.3 | |
Age 61–70 years | 21.2 | 21.1 | |
Age >70 years | 24.0 | 24.2 | |
Mean number of consultations per year | 5.3 (7.4) | 4.9 (6.7) | 0.411 |
Diagnoses documented within 12 months prior to the index date | |||
Cancer | 21.9 | 21.3 | 0.727 |
Obesity | 10.6 | 10.3 | 0.835 |
Liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis | 18.8 | 16.4 | 0.125 |
Thrombophlebitis | 16.8 | 15.4 | 0.406 |
Varicose | 27.6 | 25.4 | 0.275 |
Depression | Anxiety Disorder | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
Overall | 2.01 (1.53–2.64) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.35–3.46) | 0.001 |
Women | 1.62 (1.30–2.54) | 0.017 | 1.82 (0.89–3.73) | 0.101 |
Men | 2.45 (1.68–3.57) | <0.001 | 2.42 (1.30–4.54) | 0.005 |
Patients with liver cirrhosis | 2.27 (1.27–4.04) | 0.006 | 2.31 (0.55–9.68) | 0.253 |
Patients without liver cirrhosis | 1.93 (1.42–2.63) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.26–3.77) | 0.006 |
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Gairing, S.J.; Galle, P.R.; Schattenberg, J.M.; Kostev, K.; Labenz, C. Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235689
Gairing SJ, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM, Kostev K, Labenz C. Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(23):5689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235689
Chicago/Turabian StyleGairing, Simon Johannes, Peter Robert Galle, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Karel Kostev, and Christian Labenz. 2021. "Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23: 5689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235689
APA StyleGairing, S. J., Galle, P. R., Schattenberg, J. M., Kostev, K., & Labenz, C. (2021). Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(23), 5689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235689