Early Bronchoscopy Improves Extubation Rates after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction:
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Endpoints
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Bronchoscopy
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Population
3.2. Outcome
3.3. Bronchoscopy
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage |
CPC | cerebral performance category scale |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CRP | c-reactive protein |
ER | emergency room |
IL | interleukin |
OHCA | out of hospital cardiac arrest |
PCAS | post cardiac arrest syndrome |
ROSC | return of spontaneous circulation |
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All Patients n (%) | Survivors n (%) | Non-Survivor n (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 164 | 110 | 54 | |
Female | 41 (25.0) | 22 (20.0) | 19 (35.2) | 0.035 |
Age (years) | 64.9 ± 15.0 | 62.1 ± 14.6 | 70.8 ± 14.2 | <0.000 |
Ongoing CPR on admission | 14 (8.5) | 7 (6.4) | 7 (13.0) | 0.155 |
Shockable rhythm | 107 (65.2) | 81 (73.6) | 36 (66.6) | 0.001 |
Cause of OHCA | ||||
Myocardial ischemia | 91 (55.5) | 66 (60.0) | 25 (46.3) | 0.097 |
Pulmonary embolism | 7 (4.3) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (7.4) | 0.163 |
Rhythm event | 18 (11.0) | 13 (11.8) | 5 (9.3) | 0.622 |
Unknown/other | 48 (29.3) | 28 (25.5) | 20 (37.0) | 0.162 |
Time to ROSC (min) | 17.6 ± 15.8 | 15.0 ± 14.1 | 23.7 ± 17.8 | 0.012 |
CPC Score at Discharge | n | % | Age (Years) |
---|---|---|---|
CPC 1 | 56 | 52.8 | 60.0 ± 13.0 |
CPC 2 | 14 | 13.2 | 63.8 ± 16.4 |
CPC 3 | 28 | 26.4 | 67.7 ± 15.5 |
CPC 4 | 8 | 7.5 | 58.5 ± 15.9 |
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Zimmermann, G.S.; Palm, J.; Lahmann, A.L.; Peltz, F.; Okrojek, R.; Weis, F.; Müller, A.; Ziegler, T.; Steger, A.; Haller, B.; et al. Early Bronchoscopy Improves Extubation Rates after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143055
Zimmermann GS, Palm J, Lahmann AL, Peltz F, Okrojek R, Weis F, Müller A, Ziegler T, Steger A, Haller B, et al. Early Bronchoscopy Improves Extubation Rates after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(14):3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143055
Chicago/Turabian StyleZimmermann, Gregor S., Jana Palm, Anna Lena Lahmann, Friedhelm Peltz, Rainer Okrojek, Florian Weis, Arne Müller, Tilman Ziegler, Alexander Steger, Bernhard Haller, and et al. 2021. "Early Bronchoscopy Improves Extubation Rates after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14: 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143055
APA StyleZimmermann, G. S., Palm, J., Lahmann, A. L., Peltz, F., Okrojek, R., Weis, F., Müller, A., Ziegler, T., Steger, A., Haller, B., Hoppmann, P., Laugwitz, K.-L., & Hautmann, H. (2021). Early Bronchoscopy Improves Extubation Rates after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(14), 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143055