Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes among Low-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during Long Term Follow-Up
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical and Institutional Considerations
2.2. Subjects and Study Design
2.3. Clinical Assessment
2.4. Treatment Strategies
2.5. Aims and Outcomes
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sex | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 71) | Male (n = 205) | ||
Age (years) | 69.0 (60.0–75.0) | 63.0 (55.0–73.0) | 0.008 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 (23.9–29.4) | 28.2 (26.1–30.9) | <0.001 * |
NSTE-ACS subtype | 0.444 † | ||
NSTEMI | 61 (85.9%) | 168 (82.0%) | |
UA | 10 (14.1%) | 37 (18.0%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 50 (70.4%) | 127 (62.0%) | 0.200 † |
Diabetes mellitus | 22 (31.0%) | 61 (29.8%) | 0.846 † |
Hyperlipidemia | 40 (56.3%) | 98 (47.8%) | 0.215 † |
Chronic kidney disease | 4 (5.6%) | 8 (3.9%) | 0.538 † |
Family history of CV disease | 21 (29.6%) | 80 (39.0%) | 0.154 † |
Active smoking | 27 (37.1%) | 88 (42.9%) | 0.481 † |
Atrial fibrillation | 8 (11.3%) | 18 (8.8%) | 0.536 † |
Prior MI | 8 (11.4%) | 22 (10.7%) | 0.872 † |
Prior PCI | 8 (11.3%) | 15 (7.3%) | 0.299 † |
Prior CVI | 5 (7.0%) | 7 (3.4%) | 0.196 † |
Prior AAA | 1 (1.4%) | 9 (4.4%) | 0.496 † |
COPD | 3 (4.2%) | 30 (14.6%) | 0.053 † |
Anemia | 12 (16.9%) | 25 (12.2%) | 0.316 † |
Laboratory parameters | |||
Red blood cells | 4.46 ± 0.42 | 4.81 ± 0.70 | <0.001 ‡ |
Hgb (g/L) | 132.13 ± 13.39 | 144.39 ± 14.86 | <0.001 ‡ |
RDW | 13.94 ± 2.26 | 14.06 ± 5.78 | 0.873 ‡ |
Platelets | 255.13 ± 68.14 | 224.03 ± 58.73 | <0.001 ‡ |
White blood cells | 9.28 ± 2.60 | 9.64 ± 2.90 | 0.355 ‡ |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.29 ± 3.03 | 8.96 ± 7.11 | 0.440 ‡ |
CRP (mmol/L) | 11.25 ± 20.37 | 21.89 ± 47.40 | 0.151 ‡ |
eGFR (mL/min) | 76.44 ± 22.43 | 94.04 ± 27.91 | <0.001 ‡ |
Echocardiography | |||
LVEF (%) | 60.38 ± 10.12 | 57.76 ± 10.10 | 0.060 ‡ |
Left atrial diameter | 3.90 ± 1.00 | 4.26 ± 0.76 | 0.006 ‡ |
ECG changes | 0.998 † | ||
T-wave changes | 37 (52.9%) | 108 (53.2%) | |
ST depression | 21 (30.0%) | 60 (29.6%) | |
Risk scores | |||
GRACE 2.0 score | 103.99 ± 28.65 | 99.39 ± 26.63 | 0.220 ‡ |
TIMI score | 2.58 ± 0.72 | 2.40 ± 0.94 | 0.149 ‡ |
Killip class > 1 | 10 (14.1%) | 17 (8.3%) | 0.236 † |
Follow-up (months) | 30.1 (19.6–40.3) | 33.1 (26.1–42.8) | 0.083 * |
Variables | Sex | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 71) | Male (n = 205) | ||
Access site | 0.129 * | ||
Radial | 63 (88.7%) | 193 (94.1%) | |
Femoral | 8 (11.3%) | 12 (5.9%) | |
Treatments | 0.271 * | ||
Conservative | 21 (29.6%) | 42 (20.5%) | |
PCI | 27 (38.0%) | 83 (40.5%) | |
CABG | 23 (32.4%) | 80 (39.0%) | |
Coronary angiogram | |||
Left main disease | 10 (14.1%) | 22 (10.7%) | 0.447 * |
Single-vessel disease | 38 (53.6%) | 83 (40.5%) | 0.258 * |
Two-vessel disease | 16 (22.5%) | 40 (19.5%) | 0.585 * |
Three-vessel disease | 17 (23.9%) | 82 (40.0%) | 0.177 * |
Culprit artery | 0.063 * | ||
Left main | 10 (14.1%) | 22 (10.7%) | |
Left anterior descending | 29 (40.8%) | 87 (42.4%) | |
Circumflex | 13 (18.3%) | 46 (22.4%) | |
Right coronary | 19 (26.8%) | 50 (24.4%) | |
Bifurcation lesion | 13 (18.3%) | 25 (12.2%) | 0.197 * |
Coronary calcification | 3 (4.2%) | 18 (8.8%) | 0.212 * |
Discharge therapy | |||
Beta blockers | 57 (80.3%) | 143 (69.8%) | 0.087 * |
ACE-I/ARB | 46 (64.8%) | 130 (63.4%) | 0.836 * |
ASA | 66 (93.0%) | 193 (94.1%) | 0.720 * |
P2Y12 inhibitors | 56 (78.9%) | 176 (85.9%) | 0.166 * |
Statins | 63 (88.7%) | 189 (92.2%) | 0.372 * |
Calcium channel blockers | 12 (16.9%) | 23 (11.3%) | 0.220 * |
Variables | Sex | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 37) | Male (n = 37) | ||
Age (years) | 69.0 (60.0–75.0) | 63.0 (55.0–73.0) | 0.673 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 (23.9–29.4) | 28.2 (26.1–30.9) | 0.804 * |
eGFR (mL/min) | 76.44 ± 22.43 | 94.04 ± 27.91 | 0.970 * |
Comorbidities | |||
Arterial hypertension | 24 (64.9%) | 27 (73.0%) | 0.451 † |
Diabetes mellitus | 13 (35.1%) | 12 (32.4%) | 0.806 † |
Hyperlipidemia | 17 (45.9%) | 23 (62.2%) | 0.162 † |
Active smoking | 6 (16.2%) | 10 (27.0%) | 0.733 † |
Atrial fibrillation | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (8.1%) | 1.000 ‡ |
Anemia | 3 (8.1%) | 7 (18.9%) | 0.174 ‡ |
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Kristić, I.; Matetic, A.; Crnčević, N.; Runjić, F.; Polašek, O.; Vrsalovic, M. Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes among Low-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during Long Term Follow-Up. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2802. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132802
Kristić I, Matetic A, Crnčević N, Runjić F, Polašek O, Vrsalovic M. Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes among Low-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during Long Term Follow-Up. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(13):2802. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132802
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristić, Ivica, Andrija Matetic, Nikola Crnčević, Frane Runjić, Ozren Polašek, and Mislav Vrsalovic. 2021. "Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes among Low-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during Long Term Follow-Up" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13: 2802. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132802
APA StyleKristić, I., Matetic, A., Crnčević, N., Runjić, F., Polašek, O., & Vrsalovic, M. (2021). Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes among Low-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during Long Term Follow-Up. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(13), 2802. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132802