Performance and Long Term Stability of Mesoporous Silica Membranes for Desalination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Membrane Synthesis
2.2. Materials and Membrane Characterisation
2.3. Membrane Desalination and Long Term Stability
2.4. Error Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Xerogel Characterisation
Sol pH | BET surface area (m2 g−1) | Total pore volume (cm3 g−1) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
6 | 402 | 0.221 | 2.70 |
7 | 415 | 0.150 | 1.76 |
8 | 425 | 0.207 | 1.93 |
9 | 649 | 0.345 | 2.60 |
3.2. Membrane Morphology
3.3. Membrane Performance and Long Term Stability
Membrane type | Feed Temp. (°C) | Feed conc. range (wt %) | Water flux (kg m–2 h–1) | Rejection (%) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pure silica | TEOS pH 6 | 22 b | 0.3 3.5–15 | 9.5 6.8–1.6 | 99.6 98–89 | This work |
Carbonized template | Ionic C6 | 20 a | 0.3–3.5 * | 2.1–1.9 | 99.9–98 | [9] |
Ionic C16 | 20 b | 0.3–3.5 | 3.0–2.0 | 91–97 | [13] | |
20 wt % PEG-PPG | 20 b | 0.3–3.5 | 6.3–4.9 | 87–97 | [38] | |
Metal oxide | CoOxSi | 20 | 0.3–15 | 0.4–0.3 | 99.7–99.9 | [11] |
Hybrid | BTESE | 30 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 99 | [21] |
MTES | 20 a | 0.3–3.5 * | 4.7–2.5 | 93.7–83 | [9] | |
Zeolite | MFI-S-1 | 25 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 75 | [39] |
MFI-ZSM-5 | 25 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 93 | [40] | |
MFI-ZSM-5 | 22 | 3.8 * | 0.70 | 99 | [41] | |
MFI-ZSM-5 | 20 | 0.3–15 | 4.5–9.8 | 99.5–74 | [8] |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Elma, M.; Yacou, C.; Diniz da Costa, J.C.; Wang, D.K. Performance and Long Term Stability of Mesoporous Silica Membranes for Desalination. Membranes 2013, 3, 136-150. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes3030136
Elma M, Yacou C, Diniz da Costa JC, Wang DK. Performance and Long Term Stability of Mesoporous Silica Membranes for Desalination. Membranes. 2013; 3(3):136-150. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes3030136
Chicago/Turabian StyleElma, Muthia, Christelle Yacou, João C. Diniz da Costa, and David K. Wang. 2013. "Performance and Long Term Stability of Mesoporous Silica Membranes for Desalination" Membranes 3, no. 3: 136-150. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes3030136