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Volume 9
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10.3390/vaccines9070700
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Article

Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination

by
Franziska Neumann
1,†,
Ruben Rose
2,†,
Janine Römpke
3,
Olaf Grobe
1,
Thomas Lorentz
1,
Helmut Fickenscher
2 and
Andi Krumbholz
1,2,*
1
Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Steenbeker Weg 23, D-24106 Kiel, Germany
2
Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 4, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
3
Städtisches Krankenhaus Kiel, Chemnitzstraße 33, D-24116 Kiel, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These first authors contributed equally.
Vaccines 2021, 9(7), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070700
Submission received: 28 May 2021 / Revised: 23 June 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 25 June 2021
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Abstract

The humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination was examined. Convalescent sera after infection with variants of concern (VOCs: B.1.1.7, n = 10; B.1.351, n = 1) and sera from 100 vaccinees (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2, n = 33; Moderna, mRNA-1273, n = 11; AstraZeneca, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222, n = 56) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against the viral spike (S)-protein, its receptor-binding domain (RBD), the nucleoprotein (N) and for virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA). For the latter, surrogate assays (sVNT) and a Vero-cell based neutralization test (cVNT) were used. Maturity of IgG was determined by measuring the avidity in an immunoblot (IB). Past VOC infection resulted in a broad reactivity of anti-S IgG (100%), anti-RBD IgG (100%), and anti-N IgG (91%), while latter were absent in 99% of vaccinees. Starting approximately two weeks after the first vaccine dose, anti-S IgG (75–100%) and particularly anti-RBD IgG (98–100%) were detectable. After the second dose, their titers increased and were higher than in the convalescents. The sVNT showed evidence of VNA in 91% of convalescents and in 80–100%/100% after first/second vaccine dose, respectively. After the second dose, an increase in VNA titer and IgGs of high avidity were demonstrated by cVNT and IB, respectively. Re-vaccination contributes to a more robust immune response.
Keywords: COVID-19; virus variants; vaccination; humoral immune response; IgG; titer; virus-neutralizing antibodies; avidity COVID-19; virus variants; vaccination; humoral immune response; IgG; titer; virus-neutralizing antibodies; avidity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Neumann, F.; Rose, R.; Römpke, J.; Grobe, O.; Lorentz, T.; Fickenscher, H.; Krumbholz, A. Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination. Vaccines 2021, 9, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070700

AMA Style

Neumann F, Rose R, Römpke J, Grobe O, Lorentz T, Fickenscher H, Krumbholz A. Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination. Vaccines. 2021; 9(7):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070700

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neumann, Franziska, Ruben Rose, Janine Römpke, Olaf Grobe, Thomas Lorentz, Helmut Fickenscher, and Andi Krumbholz. 2021. "Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination" Vaccines 9, no. 7: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070700

APA Style

Neumann, F., Rose, R., Römpke, J., Grobe, O., Lorentz, T., Fickenscher, H., & Krumbholz, A. (2021). Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination. Vaccines, 9(7), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070700

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