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Volume 9
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10.3390/vaccines9020090
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Article

OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model

by
Smriti Shringi
1,
Donal O’Toole
2,
Emily Cole
1,
Katherine N. Baker
1,
Stephen N. White
1,3,4,
Gaetano Donofrio
5,6,
Hong Li
3 and
Cristina W. Cunha
1,3,6,*
1
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
2
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
3
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
4
Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
5
Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
6
Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020090
Submission received: 6 January 2021 / Revised: 21 January 2021 / Accepted: 22 January 2021 / Published: 26 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vaccine Development and Immunotherapies)
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Abstract

An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. Research towards SA-MCF vaccine development is hindered by the absence of culture systems to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), which means its genome cannot be experimentally modified to generate an attenuated vaccine strain. Alternative approaches for vaccine development are needed to deliver OvHV-2 antigens. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been evaluated as a vaccine vector for several viral antigens with promising results. In this study, we genetically engineered BoHV-4 to express OvHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) and evaluated its efficacy as an SA-MCF vaccine using a rabbit model. The construction of a viable recombinant virus (BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB) and confirmation of OvHV-2 gB expression were performed in vitro. The immunization of rabbits with BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB elicited strong humoral responses to OvHV-2 gB, including neutralizing antibodies. Following intra-nasal challenge with a lethal dose of OvHV-2, 42.9% of the OvHV-2 gB vaccinated rabbits were protected against SA-MCF, while all rabbits in the mock-vaccinated group succumbed to SA-MCF. Overall, OvHV-2 gB delivered by the recombinant BoHV-4 was immunogenic and partly protective against SA-MCF in rabbits. These are promising results towards an SA-MCF vaccine; however, improvements are needed to increase protection rates.
Keywords: viral-vectored vaccine; bovine herpesvirus-4; ovine herpesvirus-2; gammaherpesvirus; malignant catarrhal fever; rabbit model; glycoprotein B viral-vectored vaccine; bovine herpesvirus-4; ovine herpesvirus-2; gammaherpesvirus; malignant catarrhal fever; rabbit model; glycoprotein B
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MDPI and ACS Style

Shringi, S.; O’Toole, D.; Cole, E.; Baker, K.N.; White, S.N.; Donofrio, G.; Li, H.; Cunha, C.W. OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines 2021, 9, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020090

AMA Style

Shringi S, O’Toole D, Cole E, Baker KN, White SN, Donofrio G, Li H, Cunha CW. OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines. 2021; 9(2):90. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020090

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shringi, Smriti, Donal O’Toole, Emily Cole, Katherine N. Baker, Stephen N. White, Gaetano Donofrio, Hong Li, and Cristina W. Cunha. 2021. "OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model" Vaccines 9, no. 2: 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020090

APA Style

Shringi, S., O’Toole, D., Cole, E., Baker, K. N., White, S. N., Donofrio, G., Li, H., & Cunha, C. W. (2021). OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines, 9(2), 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020090

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