Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Recommended Vaccines
1.2. Vaccination Uptake Among Adults
1.3. Interventions to Improve Vaccine Uptake Among Adults
1.4. Objectives
2. Methods
2.1. Protocol Registration
2.2. Criteria for Considering Studies for This Review
2.3. Selection of Studies
2.4. Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Studies
3.1.1. Results of the Search
3.1.2. Included Studies
Participants
Interventions and Comparisons
Outcomes
3.2. Effects of Interventions
3.2.1. Recipient-Oriented Interventions
Overall Reminders Versus Control or Standard Care
Different Types of Reminders on Vaccination Uptake
Education Versus Control or Standard Care
Tracking and Outreach Versus Control or Standard Care
Promotional Campaigns vs. Control or Standard Care
Financial Incentives
3.2.2. Provider-Oriented Interventions
Letter Reminders Versus Control or Standard Care
Risk of Bias in Included Studies
Blinding
Incomplete Outcome Data
Selective Reporting
Other Potential Sources of Bias
Excluded Studies
3.2.3. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of Main Findings
4.2. Overall Completeness and Applicability of the Evidence
4.3. Certainty of the Evidence
4.4. Potential Biases in the Review Process
4.5. Comparison with Other Reviews
4.6. Implementation Considerations, Cost, and Equity
5. Conclusions
5.1. Implications for Practice
5.2. Implications for Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jaca, A.; Mathebula, L.; Malinga, T.; Rampersadh, K.; Zulu, M.; Hohlfeld, A.S.-J.; Wiysonge, C.S.; Jacobson Vann, J.C.; Ndwandwe, D. Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines 2025, 13, 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080811
Jaca A, Mathebula L, Malinga T, Rampersadh K, Zulu M, Hohlfeld AS-J, Wiysonge CS, Jacobson Vann JC, Ndwandwe D. Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines. 2025; 13(8):811. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080811
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaca, Anelisa, Lindi Mathebula, Thobile Malinga, Kimona Rampersadh, Masibulele Zulu, Ameer Steven-Jorg Hohlfeld, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Julie C. Jacobson Vann, and Duduzile Ndwandwe. 2025. "Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Vaccines 13, no. 8: 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080811
APA StyleJaca, A., Mathebula, L., Malinga, T., Rampersadh, K., Zulu, M., Hohlfeld, A. S.-J., Wiysonge, C. S., Jacobson Vann, J. C., & Ndwandwe, D. (2025). Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines, 13(8), 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080811