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Article

Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population

by
Anna Yurievna Popova
1,
Viacheslav Sergeevich Smirnov
2,*,
Svetlana Alexandrovna Egorova
2,
Zuridin Sharipovich Nurmatov
3,
Angelika Marsovna Milichkina
2,
Irina Victorovna Drozd
2,
Gulzada Saparbekovna Dadanova
4,
Gulnara Dzhumadylovna Zhumagulova
4,
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Danilova
2,
Zharkynbek Orozbekovich Kasymbekov
4,
Victoria Georgievna Drobyshevskaya
2,
Gulsunay Zhumabaevna Sattarova
5,
Oyuna Bayarovna Zhimbaeva
2,
Edward Smith Ramsay
2,
Zhanylay Nuridinovna Nuridinova
5,
Valery Andreevich Ivanov
2,
Altynai Keneshpekovna Urmanbetova
5 and
Areg Artemovich Totolian
2
1
Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 127994 Moscow, Russia
2
Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
3
National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan
4
National Center for Immunoprophylaxis, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan
5
National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2025, 13(3), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030249
Submission received: 2 February 2025 / Revised: 20 February 2025 / Accepted: 25 February 2025 / Published: 27 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections, Host Immunity and Vaccines)
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Abstract

Specific prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is the main prerequisite for a radical reduction in the incidence of these infections in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). An increase in the number of seronegative individuals observed in recent years has led to an increase in measles incidence. This is directly related to a decrease in collective immunity, which provides protection for the population only in conditions of a high density of immunized individuals and their uniform distribution in the population. The only way to estimate the number of immunized individuals is by conducting serological surveys of collective immunity. Aim of the study: The aim was to study the level of collective immunity to the MMR viruses in the KR. Materials and methods: This study involved a cohort of 6617 residents (volunteers) aged 1 to 70+ years, formed in accordance with the Rospotrebnadzor program “Assessment of collective immunity to vaccine-preventable and other relevant infections” and stratified by age and region of residence. During the study, participants filled out a questionnaire and gave venous blood samples to determine IgG antibodies to MMR viruses (ELISA using certified Russian test systems). Results: In December 2023, collective immunity ensured epidemiological well-being only with respect to rubella. The volunteer seropositivity was 94.2% (95% CI: 93.7–94.8). The average measles seropositivity was 78.9% (95% CI: 77.9–79.9). It was significantly lower in children aged 1–17 years and significantly higher than the cohort average in individuals aged ≥18 years. The average mumps seropositivity was 76.4% (95% CI: 75.3–77.4), with the minimum level noted among individuals aged 12–29 years (63.8%; 95% CI: 61.4–66.2). The maximum levels of mumps seropositivity were noted among children aged 6–11 years and older adults who had likely experienced mumps (50–70+ years). Seroprevalence distributions by activity correlated with age distributions (all infections). Conclusions: The system of targeted prophylaxis of vaccine-preventable infections adopted in the KR has contributed to the formation of a high level of rubella collective immunity and, to a lesser extent, measles and mumps immunity. The recent trend towards increases in measles and mumps incidence in the KR requires additional efforts to increase collective immunity to these infections.
Keywords: collective immunity; measles; mumps; rubella; seroprevalence; antibodies; Kyrgyz Republic; population; cohort study collective immunity; measles; mumps; rubella; seroprevalence; antibodies; Kyrgyz Republic; population; cohort study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popova, A.Y.; Smirnov, V.S.; Egorova, S.A.; Nurmatov, Z.S.; Milichkina, A.M.; Drozd, I.V.; Dadanova, G.S.; Zhumagulova, G.D.; Danilova, E.M.; Kasymbekov, Z.O.; et al. Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population. Vaccines 2025, 13, 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030249

AMA Style

Popova AY, Smirnov VS, Egorova SA, Nurmatov ZS, Milichkina AM, Drozd IV, Dadanova GS, Zhumagulova GD, Danilova EM, Kasymbekov ZO, et al. Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population. Vaccines. 2025; 13(3):249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030249

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popova, Anna Yurievna, Viacheslav Sergeevich Smirnov, Svetlana Alexandrovna Egorova, Zuridin Sharipovich Nurmatov, Angelika Marsovna Milichkina, Irina Victorovna Drozd, Gulzada Saparbekovna Dadanova, Gulnara Dzhumadylovna Zhumagulova, Ekaterina Mikhailovna Danilova, Zharkynbek Orozbekovich Kasymbekov, and et al. 2025. "Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population" Vaccines 13, no. 3: 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030249

APA Style

Popova, A. Y., Smirnov, V. S., Egorova, S. A., Nurmatov, Z. S., Milichkina, A. M., Drozd, I. V., Dadanova, G. S., Zhumagulova, G. D., Danilova, E. M., Kasymbekov, Z. O., Drobyshevskaya, V. G., Sattarova, G. Z., Zhimbaeva, O. B., Ramsay, E. S., Nuridinova, Z. N., Ivanov, V. A., Urmanbetova, A. K., & Totolian, A. A. (2025). Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population. Vaccines, 13(3), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030249

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